2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-130413
    Protectin D1
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    Protectin D1, a neuroprotectin D1 produced by neuronal cells, is a member of a newly discovered family of bioactive products derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 also serves as a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exhibiting effective in vivo pro-resolving activity in various human disease models. Additionally, Protectin D1 is an inhibitor of NALP3 inflammasomes and regulates the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α signaling pathways. Protectin D1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting the expression of NALP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and consequently decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, Protectin D1 enhances miRNA-210 expression, activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and exerts cardioprotective effects. Protectin D1 holds promise for research in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory disorders.
    Protectin D1
  • HY-B0757A
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate
    		99.80%
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases.
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate
  • HY-B1453S
    L-Carnitine-d3 hydrochloride
    		≥98.0%
    L-Carnitine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine hydrochloride.
    L-Carnitine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-160424
    DEANO sodium
    DEANO sodium is notric oxide donor. DEANO sodium potentiates the abilitv of hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase to induce lipid peroxidation as well as DNA single- and double-strand breaks.
    DEANO sodium
  • HY-128463
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
  • HY-N2255
    Crebanine
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Crebanine is an isoquinoline-like alkaloid that can be derived from Stephania. Crebanine is an antagonist of the α7-nAChR with an IC50 of 19.1 μM. Crebanine suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and promotes apoptosis. Crebanine inhibits the AKT/FoxO3a, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Crebanine attenuates NOX2 hyperactivation, exhibits antioxidant properties by reducing reactive oxygen species and peroxidation. Crebanine inhibits voltage-dependent Na+ current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Crebanine has high inhibitory activity against gram-positive animal pathogenic bacteria. Crebanine ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion brain damage in middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats. Crebanine significantly improves Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced cognitive deficits in ICR mice. Crebanine can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.
    Crebanine
  • HY-N4247
    Kuwanon G
    		Inhibitor 99.45%
    Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Kuwanon G
  • HY-N7059
    Lactobionic acid
    		≥98.0%
    Lactobionic acid is a bionic acid that can be naturally found in the Caspian Sea yogurt and chemically constituted of a gluconic acid bonded to a galactose. Lactobionic acid has antioxidant, antimicrobial, chelating, stabilizer, acidulant, and moisturizing properties. Lactobionic acid can be obtained by electrolytic methods, microbial fermentation or biocatalytic approaches. Lactobionic acid can be used in foodstuffs, to produce new functional products and against food-borne pathogens. Lactobionic acid inhibits DNA repair and protein synthesis, induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of metabolic pathways against MRSA.
    Lactobionic acid
  • HY-N3245
    Moracin C
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.
    Moracin C
  • HY-163828
    PPA24
    		Agonist 98.09%
    PPA24 is a PP2A activator with a KD of 8.465 μM for PP2ACα. PPA24 induces cancer cell death via apoptosis. PP2ACα induces ROS generation and decreases the level of c-Myc expression. PPA24 can be used to study colorectal cancer (CRC), Folinic acid (HY-17556), 5-Fluorouracil (HY-90006), and Oxaliplatin (HY-17371) (FOLFOX)-resistant CRC, and melanoma cancer.
    PPA24
  • HY-N0521
    (-)-Gallocatechin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    (-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities. (-)-Gallocatechin is the main active component in green tea extract (HTP-GTE) responsible for its effect of improving age-related cognitive impairments involving protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
    (-)-Gallocatechin
  • HY-137475
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester
    		99.81%
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester, a methyl pheophorbide-a derivative, is a photosensitizer that can be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester
  • HY-119576
    Phox-I2
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    Phox-I2 is a selective inhibitor of p67phox-Rac1 interaction, binds to p67phox with high affinity with a Kd of ~150 nM. Phox-I2 is a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitor and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    Phox-I2
  • HY-121618
    α-Thujone
    		Activator 98.07%
    α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and can cross the blood-brain barrier.
    α-Thujone
  • HY-13619
    Efaproxiral
    		Modulator 99.94%
    Efaproxiral is a haemoglobin (Hb) synthetic allosteric modifier, decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy .
    Efaproxiral
  • HY-120332
    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride
    		Modulator 99.85%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride, a chemical entity derivative of Trolox, is a blood-brain barrier permeable ROS-redox modulator. Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride is used in the study for mitochondrial disorders.
    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride
  • HY-169056
    SLC7A11-IN-2
    		99.80%
    SLC7A11-IN-2 (Compound 1) is an SLC7A11/xCT inhibitor. SLC7A11-IN-2 induces cell death in HeLa cells by lowering intracellular glutathione levels and increasing oxidative stress, thereby disrupting the oxidative balance within the cells, with an IC50 value of 10.23 μM. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that SLC7A11-IN-2 has a stronger binding affinity to SLC7A11 compared to Erastin (HY-15763). SLC7A11-IN-2 can be utilized in research within the field of cervical cancer.
    SLC7A11-IN-2
  • HY-N6884
    Bixin
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    Bixin is an orally active carotenoid found in the seeds of Bixa orellana. Bixin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Bixin possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
    Bixin
  • HY-P1845A
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA
    		Inducer 98.33%
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA is a PAC1 receptor activator and increases the α-secretase activity. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA elevates cytosolic Ca2+, increases proliferation and increases phosphorylation of extracellular regulates kinase (ERK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA can be used for neurotrophic and neuroprotective research.
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA
  • HY-N3244
    Moracin O
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Moracin O is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Morus alba Linn. . Moracin O exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Moracin O reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moracin O has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Moracin O
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity