2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W011689
    6PPD
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    6PPD is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges ozone, forming nitroxyl radicals. 6PPD exposure decreases hatchability, lowered autonomous movement, reduces body length in zebrafish embryos and causes deformities. 6PPD also produces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
    6PPD
  • HY-N2124
    Parishin B
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Parishin B is a parishin metabolite that can be isolated from Gastrodia elata with antioxidant activity.
    Parishin B
  • HY-121026
    DMNQ
    		Activator 99.8%
    DMNQ is a redox cycling agent. DMNQ produces hydrogen peroxide in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DMNQ can induce the increase of ROS production.
    DMNQ
  • HY-N0410
    Daucosterol
    Daucosterol is an orally active natural sterol compound, which has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Daucosterol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing autophagy through ROS-dependent manner. Daucosterol also inhibits colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration and invasion and targeting caspase signalling pathway.
    Daucosterol
  • HY-14806B
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide hydrate is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
  • HY-N0716A
    Berberine hemisulfate
    		Modulator 99.63%
    Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate
  • HY-W250122
    Glutamic acid sodium salt
    		Inducer 99.23%
    Glutamic acid sodium salt (Monosodium glutamate) is an orally active food flavor enhancer. Glutamic acid sodium salt causes ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Apoptosis. Glutamic acid sodium salt upregulates CHOP, Grp78, and Bcl-2. Glutamic acid sodium salt impairs cognition, induces depressive-like behavior, induces hyperalgesia, and induces obesity and insulin resistance. Glutamic acid sodium salt can be used to study neurotoxicity (e.g., brain damage, cognitive impairment), metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance), hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity, as well as pain-related disorders.
    Glutamic acid sodium salt
  • HY-N0154
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
  • HY-N0797
    (20S)-Protopanaxadiol
    		99.91%
    20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD) is a metabolite of ginseng saponins, inhibits Akt activity and induces apoptosis in various tumor cells.
    (20S)-Protopanaxadiol
  • HY-129960
    L-Selenocystine
    		Activator 98.0%
    L-Selenocystine is a selenium-containing amino acid. L-Selenocystine has redox properties. L-Selenocystine is cytotoxic to various tumor cells and can induce the production of ROS and apoptosis. L-Selenocystine can block the Nrf2 and autophagy pathways. L-Selenocystine has anti-tumor activity.
    L-Selenocystine
  • HY-113341
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
    		Agonist 99.98%
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol can induce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, resulting in cytotoxicity. 7β-hydroxycholesterol has antitumor activity.
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
  • HY-N0217
    Benzoylaconine
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Benzoylaconine (Benzoylaconitine) is an orally active monoester alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum carmichaelii. Benzoylaconine is an ACE2 agonist (EC50: 1.5 μM) with antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. Benzoylaconine inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Benzoylaconine upregulates the protein levels of P-gp, MRP2, and has anti-tumor effects.
    Benzoylaconine
  • HY-B1066
    Butylhydroxyanisole
    		99.93%
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer.
    Butylhydroxyanisole
  • HY-N2406
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Dihydrocaffeic acid is a microbial metabolite of flavonoids. Dihydrocaffeic acid scavenges intracellular ROS and increases nitric oxide synthase activity. Dihydrocaffeic acid reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Dihydrocaffeic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage degradation activities.
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
  • HY-123533
    Resorufin
    		99.0%
    Resorufin (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye. Resorufin shows favorable properties such as water solubility, red-shifted absorption/emission signals. Resorufin is used for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.
    Resorufin
  • HY-W015913S
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3
    		Inhibitor 99.7%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0753
    Eupalinolide B
    		Activator 99.48%
    Eupalinolide B is a germ sesquiterpene. Eupalinolide B can be isolated from Eupatorium lindleyanum. Eupalinolide B induces Apoptosis, elevates ROS, promotes Autophagy. regulates GSK-3β/β-catenin, targets UBE2D3 and TAK1, activates ROS-ER-JNK, inhibits NF-κB and MAPKs. Eupalinolide B has anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer and liver cancer. Eupalinolide B relieves rheumatoid arthritis, acute lung injury, periodontitis, depression.
    Eupalinolide B
  • HY-B2130S1
    Uric acid-15N2
    		99.60%
    Uric acid-15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W001083
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
  • HY-W009203
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of L-Cystine (HY-N0394). L-Cystine dihydrochloride elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine dihydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity