2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N8241
    N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine
    		99.72%
    N-TRANS-CaffeoyLtyramine is an effective inflammatory response regulator, which has antioxidant activity and anticoagulation effects.
    N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine
  • HY-119272
    EF24
    		Inducer 99.34%
    EF24, a curcumin analogue, is an NF-kB inhibitor with great anti-tumor efficacy and oral bioavailability via deactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EF24 is active against melanoma and breast cancer cell lines with GI50 values of 0.7 μM and 0.8 μM, respectively. EF24 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. EF24 increases the levels of activated caspase 3 and 9, and decreases the phosphorylated forms of MEK1 and ERK.
    EF24
  • HY-P2322
    Iturin A
    		Inducer 98.53%
    Iturin A is a cyclic lipid peptide with strong antifungal activity. Iturin A induces ROS explosion and induces apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. Iturin A has antitumor activity.
    Iturin A
  • HY-113328
    Aminoadipic acid
    		Activator 99.86%
    Aminoadipic acid is an orally active lysine oxide derivative. Aminoadipic acid induces ROS generation, increases free Ca2+, decreases SOD, and activates TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. Aminoadipic acid has pro-inflammatory effects. Aminoadipic acid can be used in atherosclerosis research.
    Aminoadipic acid
  • HY-111798
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 (compound 2) is a potent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.25 μM. Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 can be used for cancer research.
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
  • HY-125572
    Gibberellin A7
    Gibberellin A7 (GA7) is a terpenoid that serve as an important plant hormone. Gibberellin A7 acts as a growth and response modulator against injuries and parasitism. Gibberellin A7 presents antibiofilm properties at 940 mM concentration. Gibberellin A7 can inhibit flower bud formation in some plants. Gibberellin A7 shows antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals. Gibberellin A7 exhibits anti-Candida activity against Candia albicans.
    Gibberellin A7
  • HY-15586
    L67
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    L67 (DNA Ligase Inhibitor) is a competitive DNA ligase inhibitor that effectively inhibits DNA ligases I/III (both IC50 are 10 μM). L67 can cause nuclear DNA damage by reducing levels of mitochondrial DNA and increasing levels of mitochondrially-generated ROS. L67 also activates the Caspase 1-dependent apoptosis pathway in cancer cells, can be used in cancer research.
    L67
  • HY-113224
    Desmosterol
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .
    Desmosterol
  • HY-34350
    2-(Aminomethyl)phenol
    		Inhibitor 99.45%
    2-(Aminomethyl)phenol (2-Hydroxybenzylamine) is a selective dicarbonyl scavenger. 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol is an antioxidant and scavanger of free radicals and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can prevent early recurrence of atrial fibrillation. 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can reduce inflammation and plaque apoptotic cells and promote efferocytosis and features of stable plaques. 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can reduce malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL and MDA-HDL levels in Ldlr-/- mouse model. 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can be studied in the research of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and arrhythmias.
    2-(Aminomethyl)phenol
  • HY-14806B
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide hydrate is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
  • HY-N0878
    Bufotalin
    		Activator 99.82%
    Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation.
    Bufotalin
  • HY-N2124
    Parishin B
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Parishin B is a parishin metabolite that can be isolated from Gastrodia elata with antioxidant activity.
    Parishin B
  • HY-116572A
    TASIN-1
    		Activator 98.09%
    TASIN-1 is a selective inhibitor of truncated APCTR (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) that exerts cytotoxic effects by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. TASIN-1 specifically targets colorectal cancer (CRC) cells carrying APC truncated mutations, while having no significant toxicity to wild-type APC cells. TASIN-1 exerts cytotoxic effects by targeting Emopamil binding protein (EBP) to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and JNK-mediated apoptosis, and inhibiting Akt survival signaling. TASIN-1 can be used to prevent and intervene in APC mutant colorectal cancer.
    TASIN-1
  • HY-P10368
    P110 heptapeptide
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    P110 heptapeptide is a peptide inhibitor of the Drp1-Fis1 interaction. P110 heptapeptide has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, mitochondrial protective, and neuroprotective activities. Without blocking the physiological functions of Drp1, P110 heptapeptide reduces pathological functions in many models of neurodegeneration, ischemia, and sepsis. P110 heptapeptide can be used for research on neurological and inflammatory diseases.
    P110 heptapeptide
  • HY-Y1881B
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98%
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% is a biochemical reagent. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% reduces the production of ROS and the expression levels of MyD88 as well as c-Rel genes. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% decreases the activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH, increases the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% is cytotoxic to various cells.
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98%
  • HY-113978
    6-Formylpterin
    		≥98.0%
    6-Formylpterin is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase. 6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 6-Formylpterin suppresses cell proliferation in PanC-1 cells.
    6-Formylpterin
  • HY-113341
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
    		Agonist 99.98%
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol can induce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, resulting in cytotoxicity. 7β-hydroxycholesterol has antitumor activity.
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
  • HY-N0716A
    Berberine hemisulfate
    		Modulator 99.63%
    Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate
  • HY-N0154
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
  • HY-B1066
    Butylhydroxyanisole
    		99.93%
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer.
    Butylhydroxyanisole
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity