2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is a cellular process that harnesses the reduction of oxygen to generate high-energy phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen across several protein, metal, and lipid complexes in the mitochondria known as the electron transport chain (ETC). The electron transport chain utilizes NADH and FADH2 generated from several catabolic cellular processes. Also, oxidative phosphorylation utilizes elemental oxygen as the final oxidizing agent (and electron acceptor). Mitochondrial function and the electron transport chain shed light on the evolution and advancement of aerobic eukaryotic life, especially when compared to anaerobic organisms. It is the hallmark of aerobic respiration and is the reason why a plethora of lifeforms require oxygen to survive.
Most of the usable energy obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates or fats is derived by oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place within mitochondria. For example, the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle yields a total of four molecules of ATP, ten molecules of NADH, and two molecules of FADH2. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are then transferred to molecular oxygen, coupled to the formation of an additional 32 to 34 ATP molecules by oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are critical activities of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which ultimately serve as the major source of cellular energy[1][2].

Oxidative Phosphorylation Related Products (85):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-101407
    Nicotinamide N-oxide
    		99.85%
    Nicotinamide N-oxide, an in vivo nicotinamide metabolite, is a potent, and selective antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor.
    Nicotinamide N-oxide
  • HY-134832
    Mito-LND
    Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells.
    Mito-LND
  • HY-B1729
    Phenoxyethanol
    		99.49%
    Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al.
    Phenoxyethanol
  • HY-137042
    Cyanine5 alkyne
    		98.15%
    Cyanine5 alkyne (Alkyne-Cy5) is a fluorescent dye used to label azide proteins and can be used to analyse post-translational modifications of proteins, glycosylation etc. Cyanine5 alkyne can also be used as a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor to inhibit the growth of cancer stem cells (CSC). Cyanine5 alkyne is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Cyanine5 alkyne
  • HY-153190
    W1131
    		99.25%
    W1131 is a potent STAT3 inhibitor, triggering ferroptosis. W1131 suppresses cancer progression in gastric cancer cell subcutaneous xenograft model, organoids model, and PDX model. W1131 effectively alleviates chemical resistance of cancer cells to 5-FU (HY-90006). W1131 regulates cell cycle, DNA damage response, and oxidative phosphorylation, including IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway and ferroptosis pathway.
    W1131
  • HY-W762011
    BDE 47
    		Inhibitor 98.37%
    BDE 47 targets mitochondria, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces apoptosis in embryonic cell. BDE 47 induces the generation of ROS, and activates the JNK signaling pathway. BDE 47 exhibits embryonic developmental toxicity in zebrafish.
    BDE 47
  • HY-17598
    Rafoxanide
    		98.60%
    Rafoxanide is a poent, orally active halogenated salicylaniline agent with antiparasitic activity. Rafoxanide interferes with energy metabolism in trematodes by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Rafoxanide is also found to be a potent inhibitor of the BRAF V600E mutant protein, which is important in colorectal cancer. Rafoxanide can be used for the control of infestation with Hemonchus species or Fasciola species in sheep and cattle as well as Oestrus ovis in sheep. Rafoxanide can also be used for cancer research.
    Rafoxanide
  • HY-158421
    MS-L6
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    MS-L6 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can acts as electron transport chain complexes I (ETC-I) combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect.
    MS-L6
  • HY-W128525
    Menadiol
    Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles.
    Menadiol
  • HY-B0831
    Buprofezin
    		99.55%
    Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase.
    Buprofezin
  • HY-B0840
    Chlorfenapyr
    		99.39%
    Chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide. Chlorfenapyr has a mode of action: the mixed function oxidase oxidizes and removes the Nethoxymethyl group to form the active metabolite, CL 303268. Chlorfenapyr is used for termite control and crop protection against a variety of insect and mite pests.
    Chlorfenapyr
  • HY-17594
    Oxyclozanide
    		98.73%
    Oxyclozanide is an orally active salicylanilide anthelmintic agent that mainly acts by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. Oxyclozanide shows good anti-adenovirus, anti-biofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activity.
    Oxyclozanide
  • HY-113596A
    Acetyl coenzyme A lithium
    Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.
    Acetyl coenzyme A lithium
  • HY-N7056
    4'-Hydroxychalcone
    		99.66%
    4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone isolated from licorice root, with hepatoprotective activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation via proteasome inhibition. 4'-Hydroxychalcone induces a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles and causes deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria.
    4'-Hydroxychalcone
  • HY-W011711
    Benzarone
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    Benzarone is an oral inhibitor of human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM, and it also acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Benzarone can cause liver damage and promote cell apoptosis and necrosis. Benzarone can be used to lower serum uric acid levels and for research in vascular diseases.
    Benzarone
  • HY-136394
    Diafenthiuron
    		Inhibitor 98.29%
    Diafenthiuron is a thiourea compound commonly used a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide. Diafenthiuron disturbs the insect respiratory system by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
    Diafenthiuron
  • HY-144310
    DX3-213B
    		99.68%
    DX3-213B is a highly potent, orally active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor (IC50=3.6 nM). DX3-213B impairs ATP generation (IC50=11 nM), and blocks MIA PaCa-2 cell growth (GI50=11 nM). DX3-213B is used for the research of the pancreatic cancer.
    DX3-213B
  • HY-N6790
    Nonactin
    		99.0%
    Nonactin is a macrotetrolide antibiotic and mitochondrial uncoupler with antibacterial, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities. Nonactin acts as an ionophore for monovalent cations, including K+, and NH4+, and it can also inhibit the surface expression of endogenous HSP60. In addition, Nonactin can induce apoptosis in β-catenin mutant tumor cells and has anti-tumor activity.
    Nonactin
  • HY-136093
    Lixumistat hydrochloride
    		99.25%
    Lixumistat (HL271) hydrochloride (IM156 hydrochloride; HL156A hydrochloride), a chemical derivative of Metformin (HY-B0627), is a potent AMPK activator that increases AMPK phosphorylation. Lixumistat hydrochloride attenuates aging-associated cognitive impairment in animal model. Lixumistat hydrochloride is a potent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor which can be used for the research of solid tumors.
    Lixumistat hydrochloride
  • HY-125283
    IM176OUT05
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    IM176OUT05 (2-Me-Phen hydrochloride), a biguanide, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor. IM176OUT0 inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. IM176OUT05 activates stem cell metabolism, promotes hair regrowth and increases stemness induction and maintenance during the pluripotent stem cell generation process.
    IM176OUT05