2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Necroptosis

Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and generally manifests with morphological features of necrosis. Necroptosis is characterized by early loss of plasma membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular contents, and organelle swelling. The cells dying through necroptosis lack the typical apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and intranucleosomal DNA cleavage into 180 bp DNA laddering, but may show TUNEL positivity.

Necroptosis triggers innate immune responses by rupturing dead cells and releasing intracellular components, it can be caused by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-4 agonists, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), certain microbial infections, and T cell receptors. Necroptosis signaling is modulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 when the activity of caspase-8 becomes compromised. Activated death receptors (DRs) cause the activation of receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and the RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent formation of an RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL, which is complex II. RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL, ultimately leading to necrosis through plasma membrane disruption and cell lysis.

Necroptosis Related Products (130):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0698R
    Thioacetamide (Standard)
    Thioacetamide (TAA) is an indirect hepatotoxin and causes parenchymal cell necrosis. Thioacetamide requires metabolic activation by microsomal CYP2E1 to thioacetamide-S-oxide initially and then to thioacetamide-S-dioxide, which is a highly reactive metabolite, and its reactive metabolites covalently bind to proteins and lipids thereby causing oxidative stress and centrilobular necrosis. Thioacetamide can induce chronic liver fibrosis, encephalopathy and other events model.
    Thioacetamide (Standard)
  • HY-130369
    NSC10010 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    NSC10010 hydrochloride inhibits gammaherpesvirus associated B-lymphomas growth through activation of NF-kB and c-Myc-mediated signaling pathways. NSC10010 hydrochloride induces necrotic cell death in gammaherpesvirus infected B-cells. NSC10010 hydrochloride is also an inhibitor of Mtb ClpC1 ATPase.
    NSC10010 hydrochloride
  • HY-B1145R
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (HY-B1145). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-121261
    Antineoplastic agent-1
    		Inducer
    Antineoplastic agent-1 is an alkylating agent and a genotoxic agent that can induce DNA damage. Antineoplastic agent-1 can lead to irreversible damage and progressive death of liver cells due to necroptosis and apoptosis. Antineoplastic agent-1 can cause alkylation damage to hematopoietic cells and stromal cells in the bone marrow. Antineoplastic agent-1 can be used in tumor research.
    Antineoplastic agent-1
  • HY-B1984R
    p,p'-DDD (Standard)
    		Inducer
    p,p'-DDD (Standard) is the analytical standard of p,p'-DDD (HY-B1984) . This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p,p'-DDD (4,4’-DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide, a major metabolite of p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDD is an agonist at estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ. p,p'-DDD increases DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis in peripheral blood. p,p'-DDD stimulates cell proliferation in SKBR3 cells. p,p'-DDD activates the AP-1 transcription factor. p,p'-DDD decreases sleep times of barbiturates and steroids in rats.
    p,p'-DDD (Standard)
  • HY-N2414R
    Periplogenin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Periplogenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Periplogenin (HY-N2414). Periplogenin is a cardiac glycoside found in Cortex periplocae. Periplogenin can induce ROS production and necroptosis and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Periplogenin can inhibit pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Periplogenin suppresses growth of prostate carcinoma cells by docking to an ATP1A1 protein pocket and forming a hydrogen bond with T804. Periplogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and immunology, such as prostate carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
    Periplogenin (Standard)
  • HY-W014839S
    Cyclamic acid-d11 sodium
    		Inducer
    Cyclamic acid-d11 (Sodium cyclamate-d11) sodiumis deuterium labeled Cyclamic acid (sodium). Cyclamic acid sodium (Sodium cyclamate) is a commonly used sweetener. Cyclamic acid sodium is toxic to osteoblasts and can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and reduce cell mineralization. Cyclamic acid sodium causes focal necrosis of bladder organs in rats in vitro, which can promote bladder cancer, but some studies have shown that low doses of Cyclamic acid sodium have no carcinogenic effect. In addition, Cyclamic acid sodium has no effect on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine.
    Cyclamic acid-d<sub>11</sub> sodium
  • HY-B0863B
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium
    		Inducer
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate isopropylammonium inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate isopropylammonium induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium
  • HY-14909R
    Bardoxolone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bardoxolone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bardoxolone (HY-14909). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bardoxolone is an orally active activator of nuclear regulatory factor (NRf-2) and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Bardoxolone inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease with an EC50 value of 0.43 μM in vero cells. Bardoxolone also inhibits necroptosis in HT-29 cells with an EC50 value of 1.30 μM by blocking necrosome formation through inhibiting phosphorylation of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Bardoxolone can be used in research on COVID-19, TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Bardoxolone (Standard)
  • HY-129577
    Aplysin
    		Inhibitor
    Aplysin is a brominated sesquiterpene with an isoprene backbone that exhibits hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. Aplysin effectively prevents spontaneous pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory responses in NOD mice.
    Aplysin