2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Necroptosis

Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and generally manifests with morphological features of necrosis. Necroptosis is characterized by early loss of plasma membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular contents, and organelle swelling. The cells dying through necroptosis lack the typical apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and intranucleosomal DNA cleavage into 180 bp DNA laddering, but may show TUNEL positivity.

Necroptosis triggers innate immune responses by rupturing dead cells and releasing intracellular components, it can be caused by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-4 agonists, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), certain microbial infections, and T cell receptors. Necroptosis signaling is modulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 when the activity of caspase-8 becomes compromised. Activated death receptors (DRs) cause the activation of receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and the RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent formation of an RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL, which is complex II. RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL, ultimately leading to necrosis through plasma membrane disruption and cell lysis.

Necroptosis Related Products (123):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0863B
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium
    		Inducer
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate isopropylammonium inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate isopropylammonium induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
    Glyphosate isopropylammonium
  • HY-14909R
    Bardoxolone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bardoxolone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bardoxolone (HY-14909). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bardoxolone is an orally active activator of nuclear regulatory factor (NRf-2) and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Bardoxolone inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease with an EC50 value of 0.43 μM in vero cells. Bardoxolone also inhibits necroptosis in HT-29 cells with an EC50 value of 1.30 μM by blocking necrosome formation through inhibiting phosphorylation of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Bardoxolone can be used in research on COVID-19, TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Bardoxolone (Standard)
  • HY-129577
    Aplysin
    		Inhibitor
    Aplysin is a brominated sesquiterpene with an isoprene backbone that exhibits hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. Aplysin effectively prevents spontaneous pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory responses in NOD mice.
    Aplysin