2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-153893
    Magmas-IN-1
    Magmas-IN-1 (compound 9) is a small molecule Magmas inhibitor (SMMI). Magmas is mitochondria associated，granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor signaling molecule，as well as a GM-CSF inducible gene in myeloid cells. Magmas-IN-1 inhibits Magmas and modulates mitochondrial function. Magmas-IN-1 also inhibits proliferation in yeast at 4 μM.
    Magmas-IN-1
  • HY-N0303R
    Idebenone (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Idebenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Idebenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC50=16.65 μM). Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.
    Idebenone (Standard)
  • HY-N1441R
    Afzelin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Afzelin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Afzelin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin.
    Afzelin (Standard)
  • HY-W012572A
    D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.46%
    D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an anti-biofilm agent that targets bacterial quorum sensing systems (such as RhlI/RhlR pathway) and has antibacterial activity. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate works by non-covalently binding to bacterial regulatory factors or copper ion complexes, selectively inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and motility. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate downregulates quorum sensing-related gene expression, reduces the synthesis of virulence factors (such as alginate and proteases), and interferes with bacterial membrane stability, inhibiting biofilm formation, promoting the disintegration of mature biofilms, and enhancing antibiotic sensitivity. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is also an efficient catalyst for the salt-induced peptide formation (SIPF) reaction, which promotes the condensation of amino acids to form dipeptides (such as dialanine and dilysine) by forming a complex with copper ions (Cu2+).
    D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-131453A
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide (compound 49) is a potent mitochondrial inhibitor (IC50=8.8 mg/mL) extracted from patent US20110301180A1, compound 49. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide significantly reduces mitochondrial respiration in platelets.
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide
  • HY-W014684R
    Lilial (Standard)
    Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.
    Lilial (Standard)
  • HY-W032022S
    1-Hexanol-d13
    		Inhibitor 98.80%
    1-Hexanol-d13 is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>13</sub>
  • HY-164094
    Isobutyryl-CoA
    		≥99.0%
    Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.
    Isobutyryl-CoA
  • HY-122029
    BRD6897
    		Inducer
    BRD6897 is a mitochondrial content inducer. BRD6897 does not alter the percent of cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondria, but instead, induces a striking increase in the electron density of existing mitochondria.
    BRD6897
  • HY-B0486R
    Lonidamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lonidamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lonidamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lonidamine (AF-1890) is a hexokinase and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (Ki: 2.5 μM). Lonidamine also inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Lonidamine can be used in the research of mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
    Lonidamine (Standard)
  • HY-W032022S1
    1-Hexanol-d11
    		Inhibitor 99.33%
    1-Hexanol-d11 is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-157744
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate
    		99.9%
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate is a fluorescent substrate for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases which consists of a coumarin fluorophore and a ubiquinone analog. Coumarin–quinone conjugate can be used to measure the kinetic parameters of AIFM2/FSP1 for researches such as ferroptosis.
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate
  • HY-U00159
    McN3716
    		Inhibitor
    McN3716 is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) inhibitor.
    McN3716
  • HY-124496
    Piperitenone
    Piperitenone is a terpenoid, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Piperitenone scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 22.7 μg/mL, and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid.
    Piperitenone
  • HY-B0399A
    DL-Carnitine
    DL-Carnitine is a racemic mixture of L-Carnitine and D-Carnitine, regulates fatty acid transport in mitochondria, elevates serum carnitine fractions.
    DL-Carnitine
  • HY-B0356BR
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (Standard)
  • HY-34740R
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethylmalonic acid (HY-34740). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethylmalonic acid is a short-chain organic dicarboxylic acid. Ethylmalonic acid synergistically induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MP) with Ca2+, inhibits Mi-CK, and disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism. Ethylmalonic acid can be used in the research of SCADD, EE and other genetic metabolic diseases characterized by EMA accumulation.
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-130588
    Glutathione arsenoxide
    		Inhibitor
    Glutathione arsenoxide (GSAO) is a potential anticancer agent and a tumour metabolism inhibitor. Glutathione arsenoxide targets Mitochondrial endomycin nucleotide transferase (ANT). Glutathione arsenoxide causes cell proliferation arrest and cell death. Glutathione arsenoxide can be used to identify cell-surface proteins, such as Protein disulphide isomerase.
    Glutathione arsenoxide
  • HY-176266
    KIT-13
    		Activator
    KIT-13 is an orally active plasmalogen derivative to inhibit neuroinflammation and mitochondrial DNA leakage associated with Mecp2 deficiency. KIT-13 significantly reduce neurological symptoms and improves the life span of the Rett Syndrome (RTT) model mice. KIT-13 can be used for the study of RTT and other neuroinflammation-related diseases.
    KIT-13
  • HY-B2082R
    Fursultiamine (Standard)
    Fursultiamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fursultiamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fursultiamine is a vitamin B1 derivative, has anti-nociceptive and antineoplastic activity. Fursultiamine can be used for vitamin B1 deficiency, osteoarthritis (OA) and cancer research.
    Fursultiamine (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity