2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

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The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P0121
    ReACp53
    		p53 Activator 99.87%
    ReACp53 could inhibit p53 amyloid formation and rescue p53 function in cancer cell lines.
    ReACp53
  • HY-148409
    MMRi62
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    MMRi62, a ferroptosis inducer targeting MDM2-MDM4 (negative regulators of tumor suppressor p53). MMRi62 shows a P53-independent pro-apoptotic activity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and induce autophagy. MMRi62 inducesferroptosis, resulting in a increase of reactive oxygen and lysosomal degradation of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). MMRi62 also leads to proteasomal degradation of mutant p53, also inhibits orthotopic xenograft PDAC mouse model in vivo with high frequency mutation characteristics of KRAS and TP53.12.
    MMRi62
  • HY-D0848
    N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide
    		Activator 99.98%
    N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (Bisacrylamide) is an orally active acrylamide dimer and crosslinker. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide increases CYP2E1, P53, cleaved caspase-3. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide promotes hepatic cancer. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide changes sperm abnormality rate and sperm count. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide decreases the number of various cells in the blood as well as induces liver and testicular damage. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide is used to prepare polyacrylamide gel.
    N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide
  • HY-15869
    Inauhzin
    		p53 Activator 98.46%
    Inauhzin is a dual SirT1/IMPDH2 inhibitor, and acts as an activator p53, used in the research of cancer.
    Inauhzin
  • HY-Y0148
    10-Hydroxydecanoic acid
    		99.77%
    10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) is a saturated fatty acid derived from 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which can be isolated from royal jelly. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, anti-malarial, and anti-Leishmania properties, as well as enhancing antigen-specific immune responses. The anti-inflammatory effects of 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid are primarily mediated by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the translation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), which reduces the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory cells. Additionally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid alleviates neuroinflammatory responses through the p53-autophagy pathway and the p53-NLRP3 pathway. Finally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid enhances antigen-specific immune responses by promoting the effective uptake of antigens by microfold cells.
    10-Hydroxydecanoic acid
  • HY-100892
    MX69
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.88%
    MX69 is an inhibitor of MDM2/XIAP, used for cancer treatment.
    MX69
  • HY-110182
    SP-141
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.94%
    SP-141 is a specific inhibitor of MDM2. SP-141 promotes MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation. SP-141 might be used for the research of pancreatic cancer and breast cancer cells.
    SP-141
  • HY-N0726
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
    		Activator 99.02%
    Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product that can be obtained from the natural active molecule Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation, upregulates p53 expression, activates caspase, produces ROS, and promotes Apoptosis. Dracorhodin perchlorate regulates the TLR4. Dracorhodin perchlorate promotes wound healing, improves diabetes. Dracorhodin perchlorate has anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and other cancers.
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
  • HY-19726
    NSC59984
    		p53 Activator 99.43%
    NSC59984 induces mutant p53 protein degradation via MDM2 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. NSC59984 acts by targeting GOF-mutant p53 and stimulates p73 to restore the p53 pathway signaling.
    NSC59984
  • HY-131611
    6-Azuridine
    		99.83%
    6-Azuridine (6-Azauridine) is an orally active purine nucleoside analogue. 6-Azuridine activates autophagic flux, induces Apoptosis that depends on AMPK and p53. 6-Azuridine exhibit both antitumor and antiviral activities.
    6-Azuridine
  • HY-P5831
    Biotin-H10
    		Inhibitor 98.94%
    Biotin-H10 is a specific anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2) inhibitor with a KD of 6.4 nM. Biotin-H10 inhibits cancer cells viability.
    Biotin-H10
  • HY-128784
    PK11007
    		p53 Activator 98.73%
    PK11007 is a mild thiol alkylator with anticancer activity. PK11007 stabilizes p53 via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without compromising its DNA binding activity. PK11007 induces mutant p53 cancer cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
    PK11007
  • HY-136910
    USP7-797
    		p53 Activator 99.09%
    USP7-797 (USP7-IN-7) is an orally available, selective USP7 inhibitor (IC50=0.5 nmol/L) with antitumor activity. USP7-797 reduces the level of MDM2, thereby increasing the stability and activity of p53, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. USP7-797 has low nanomolar cytotoxicity against p53 mutant cancer cell lines, p53 wild-type hematological tumors, and neuroblastoma cell lines.
    USP7-797
  • HY-108639
    MIRA-1
    		p53 Activator 99.76%
    MIRA-1 is a maleimide analogue. MIRA-1 can induce apoptosis in mutant p53 cells via restoration of p53-dependent transcriptional transactivation. MIRA-1 has anticancer activity.
    MIRA-1
  • HY-14714
    NSC-207895
    		p53 Activator 98.85%
    NSC-207895 (XI-006), a DNA damaging agent, is an anticancer agent and p53 activator.
    NSC-207895
  • HY-B0860
    Diuron
    		Activator 99.08%
    Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.
    Diuron
  • HY-101666
    HBX 41108
    		98.91%
    HBX 41108 is an inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an IC50 of 424 nM. HBX 41108 inhibits USP7-mediated p53 deubiquitination to stabilize p53 and inhibits cancer cell growth. BX 41108 can be used in cancer and diabetes research.
    HBX 41108
  • HY-124586
    Streptonigrin
    		Activator 99.20%
    Streptonigrin (Bruneomycin) is an orally active antibiotic and pan-PAD inhibitor, inhibiting PAD1, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 with IC50 of 48.3 μM, 26.1 μM, 0.43 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Streptonigrin inhibits SENP1 (IC50 of 0.518 μM) and reduces HIF1α. Streptonigrin increases p53 and Apoptosis. Streptonigrin shows antiviral activity against Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Streptonigrin has immunosuppressive effects. Streptonigrin has antitumor activity against osteosarcoma.
    Streptonigrin
  • HY-108637
    PhiKan 083
    		p53 Activator 98.93%
    PhiKan 083 is a carbazole derivative, which binds to the surface cavity and stabilizes Y220C (a p53 mutant), with a Kd of 167 μM. PhiKan 083 can be used for cancer research.
    PhiKan 083
  • HY-15954
    NVP-CGM097
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 98.08%
    NVP-CGM097 is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.7±0.1 nM for hMDM2.
    NVP-CGM097
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.