2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-174471
    HDAC-IN-90
    		Ligand
    HDAC-IN-90 is the ligand for HDAC6/10 that can be used for synthesis of PROTAC HDAC degrader-2 (HY-174444).
    HDAC-IN-90
  • HY-162349
    PARP7/HDACs-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PARP7/HDACs-IN-1 (compound 9l) is a dual-target inhibitor targeting PARP7/HDAC with anti-tumor activity. PARP7/HDACs-IN-1 inhibits different subtypes of PARPs and HDACs with IC50s of 83.3 nM (PARP1), 3.1 nM (PARP7), 35 nM (HDAC1), 30.3 nM (HDAC2), 35.4 nM (HDAC3), and 6.4 nM respectively. (HDAC6). br/.
    PARP7/HDACs-IN-1
  • HY-RS06064
    HDAC11 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC11 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC11 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC11 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-117688
    WJ35435
    		Inhibitor
    WJ35435 is a dual-targeted anticancer hybrid that induces anti-HDAC (in particular HDAC1 and HDAC6) and anti-topoisomerase I activities that causes DNA damage associated with a low DNA repair capability and induces cell cycle arrest at G1- and G2-phase to apoptosis. WJ35435 induces histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation, α-tubulin acetylation and γ-H2AX formation to achieve anti-HDAC effect. WJ35435 is promising for research of cancer.
    WJ35435
  • HY-143683S
    Theophylline-13C2,d6
    Theophylline-13C2,d6 (1,3-Dimethylxanthine-13C2,d6) is the deuterium labeled and 13C-labeled Theophylline (HY-B0809). Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-144102
    HDAC-IN-29
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-29 (compound 13b) is a potent pan-HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-29 shows antitumor activity.
    HDAC-IN-29
  • HY-143324
    A2AAR/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    A2AAR/HDAC-IN-1 (compound 14c) is an orally active, potent and balanced A2AAR/HDAC dual inhibitor, with a Ki of 163.5 nM for A2AAR and an IC50 of 145.3 nM for HDAC1. A2AAR/HDAC-IN-1 shows anticancer activity.
    A2AAR/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-158308
    HDAC6-IN-41
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-41 (Compound E24) is a selective inhibitor for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), with IC50 of 14 and 422 nM, for HDAC6 and HDAC8, respectively. HDAC6-IN-41 upregulates the acetylation of α-tubulin and histone site SMC3.
    HDAC6-IN-41
  • HY-RS06072
    Hdac3 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac3 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac3 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac3 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-173444
    HDAC11-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC11-IN-3 (Compound A9) is a selective HDAC11 inhibitor (IC50: 4.1 nM). HDAC11-IN-3 has inhibitory effects on U937 and OCI-AML2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (IC50: 10 μM). HDAC11-IN-3 has significant anti-AML activity, inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. HDAC11-IN-3 upregulates the iron transporters transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFRC), and activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2-HMOX1 pathway, which together lead to increased intracellular iron levels and induce ferroptosis in AML cells. HDAC11-IN-3 can be used alone or in combination with Cytarabine (HY-13605) for AML research.
    HDAC11-IN-3
  • HY-163282
    NB512
    		Inhibitor
    NB512 (compound 39a) is a dual inhibitor for BET and HDAC, which exhibits a efficient binding affinity with BRD4 bromodomains and HDAC1/2, with EC50s of 100-400 nM. NB512 exhibits an anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells PaTu8988T and NMC.
    NB512
  • HY-174449
    HDAC6-IN-62
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-62 (Compound 2.12) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.25 nM. HDAC6-IN-62 can be used in the research of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
    HDAC6-IN-62
  • HY-162603
    HDAC-IN-74
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-74 (PA) is a dual HDAC/Rribonucleotide reductase(RR) inhibitor, with IC50 values ​​of 10.80 μM and 9.34 μM for HDAC and HDAC, respectively. HDAC-IN-74 can be used in anticancer research.
    HDAC-IN-74
  • HY-169290
    JAK/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    JAK/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 11 i) is a JAK/HDAC inhibitor with the IC50 values of 0.49 nM and 12 nM for JAK2 and HDAC6, respectively. JAK/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the cell proliferation and the production of nitric oxide. JAK/HDAC-IN-4 ameliorates psoriasis-like skin lesions in an Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced murine model with low toxicity.
    JAK/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-150597
    HDAC-IN-46
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-46 (compound 12c) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.21 μM and 0.021 μM for HDAC1 and HDAC6, respectively. HDAC-IN-46 upregulates p-p38, and downregulates Bcl-xL and cyclin D1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. HDAC-IN-46 induces significant G2 phase arrest and apoptosis. HDAC-IN-46 can be used for researching triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    HDAC-IN-46
  • HY-135476
    Depudecin
    		Inhibitor
    Depudecin ((-)-Depudecin) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Depudecin can be isolated from the fungus Alternaria brassicicola.
    Depudecin
  • HY-135606
    LW479
    LW479, a novel HDAC inhibitor, could be a candidate agent for breast cancer prevention.
    LW479
  • HY-152173
    HDAC-IN-51
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-51 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.32, 0.353, 0.431, 0.515, and 85.4 μM for HDAC10, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11, respectively. HDAC-IN-51 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, modulating cell cycle-/apoptosis-related miRNAs expression. HDAC-IN-51 can be used in research of cancer.
    HDAC-IN-51
  • HY-162907
    HDAC-IN-78
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-78 (compound 66a) is a HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-78 can be used in cancer research.
    HDAC-IN-78
  • HY-162330
    HDAC6-IN-36
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-36 (compound 11d) is an inhibitor of HDAC6 with IC50 value of 8.64 nM. HDAC6-IN-36 induces neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells without producing toxic effects.
    HDAC6-IN-36
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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