2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-150694
    HDAC6-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-11 (Compound 9) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 20.7 nM. HDAC6-IN-11 has more than 300-fold selectivity over HDAC other isoforms. HDAC6-IN-11 shows anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells.
    HDAC6-IN-11
  • HY-10224S
    Panobinostat-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Panobinostat-d4 is the deuterium labeled Panobinostat. Panobinostat (LBH589; NVP-LBH589) is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor, and has antineoplastic activities[1][2]. Panobinostat induces HIV-1 virus production even at low concentration range 8-31 nM, stimulates HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells[4]. Panobinostat induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma[3].
    Panobinostat-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-133147
    HDAC3/6-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3/6-IN-2 (compound 15) is a potent HDAC6 and HDAC3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.368 and 0.635 μM, respectively. HDAC3/6-IN-2 shows antitumor activity, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. HDAC3/6-IN-2 decreases the levels of HDAC6 and HDAC3, associated with upregulation of acetylated H3 and α-tubulin.
    HDAC3/6-IN-2
  • HY-144643
    CYP51/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CYP51/HDAC-IN-1 is a potent, orally active CYP51/HDAC dual inhibitor. CYP51/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits important virulence factors and down-regulated resistance-associated genes. CYP51/HDAC-IN-1 exhibits potent therapeutic effects for both tropical candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.
    CYP51/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-170966
    HDAC1-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1-IN-9 (13c) is a HDAC1 inhibitor. HDAC1-IN-9 inhibits HDAC1 enzyme with an IC50 of 1.07 µM. HDAC1-IN-9 exhibits the highest anti-proliferative effect against HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), with anIC50 of 1.78 μM. HDAC1-IN-9 induces substantial Apoptosis in HCT-116 (human colon cancer) cells. HDAC1-IN-9 possesses antiangiogenic property. HDAC1-IN-9 reduces the expression levels of VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2) by approximately 80 %.
    HDAC1-IN-9
  • HY-145845
    HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1 is a potent, selective and cross the blood-brain barrier HDAC1/MAO-B inhibitor with IC50 values of 21.4 nM and 99.0 nM for HDAC1 and MAO-B, respectively. HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1
  • HY-163430
    HDAC-IN-71
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-71 (Compound 17q) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 12.6, 14.1, 20, 3, and 72 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC10, respectively. HDAC-IN-71 induces apoptosis and can be used in cancer research.
    HDAC-IN-71
  • HY-161465
    HDAC8-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-7 (H7E), a HDAC8 inhibitor, exerts retinoprotective effects against glaucomatous injury via ameliorating aberrant Müller glia activation and oxidative stress. HDAC8-IN-7 alleviates functional and structural defects within the inner retina.
    HDAC8-IN-7
  • HY-169405
    AAK1/HDACs-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    AAK1/HDACs-IN-1 (Compound 12) is the dual inhibitor for AAK1 and HDAC, that inhibits AAK1, HDAC1, and HDAC6 with IC50s of 15.9, 148.6, and 5.2 nM, respectively. AAK1/HDACs-IN-1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection, suppresses the endocytosis of ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 complex, as well as AP2M1-ACE2 interaction.
    AAK1/HDACs-IN-1
  • HY-10224S1
    Panobinostat-d4 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Panobinostat-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Panobinostat. Panobinostat (LBH589; NVP-LBH589) is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor, and has antineoplastic activities[1][2]. Panobinostat induces HIV-1 virus production even at low concentration range 8-31 nM, stimulates HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells[4]. Panobinostat induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma[3].
    Panobinostat-d<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-153583
    HDAC8-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-4 is a selective inhibitor of HDAC8. HDAC8-IN-4 inhibits HDAC8 and HDAC3 with IC50s of 0.15 and 12 μM.
    HDAC8-IN-4
  • HY-124946
    C1A
    		Inhibitor
    C1A is a class I/II HDACs and sirtuin inhibitor with an IC50 of 479 nM for HDAC6. C1A induces sustained acetylation of HDAC6 substrates, α-tubulin and HSP90. C1A shows srtong anticancer effcts, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    C1A
  • HY-RS06065
    Hdac11 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac11 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac11 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac11 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-169938
    LSD1/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 (Compound 20c) is the inhibitor for LSD and HDAC, that inhibits LSD1, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8, with IC50s of 39.0, 1.4, 1.0, 1.3, 2.9 and 16.0 nM, respectively. LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, especially the colorectal cancer cells. LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, inhibits cell migration, and induces apoptosis in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model without significant toxicity.
    LSD1/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-147840
    HDAC-IN-41
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-41 (Compound 7c) is a selective, orally active class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.62, 1.46 and 0.62 μM against HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, respectively. HDAC-IN-41 shows NO releasing activity.
    HDAC-IN-41
  • HY-118421
    Nullscript
    Nullscript is a negative control for Scriptaid. Nullscript is a known inactive analog of Scriptaid. Scriptaid is a representative HDAC inhibitor. Nullscript inhibits Cryptosporidium (C. parvum) growth with the IC50 value of 2.1 μM.
    Nullscript
  • HY-118783
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid ((±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid), a Valproic acid (HY-10585) derivative, exhibits potential roles of HDAC inhibition (IC50 = 13 μM) and HSP70 induction. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid causes histone hyperacetylation and protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid can be used for the study of breast carcinoma. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid
  • HY-161154
    HDAC3-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3-IN-3 (compound 31) is a potent HDAC3 inhibitor. HDAC3-IN-3 has the potential for the research of cancer.
    HDAC3-IN-3
  • HY-124022
    HDAC-IN-69
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-69 (Compound 2) is a derivative of an HDAC inhibitor with inhibitory activity targeting maize histone deacetylase HD2.
    HDAC-IN-69
  • HY-RS06083
    Hdac7 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac7 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac7 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac7 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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