2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149208
    HDAC-IN-53
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-53 is an orally active, and selective HDAC1-3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 47 nM, 125 nM, and 450 nM, respectively. HDAC-IN-53 does not inhibit class II HDACs (HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, 9; IC50>10 μM). HDAC-IN-53 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. HDAC-IN-53 significantly inhibits the growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice and murine tumor growth in immune-competent mice bearing MC38 colon cancer.
    HDAC-IN-53
  • HY-109015S
    Tucidinostat-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.63%
    Tucidinostat-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tucidinostat. Tucidinostat is a potent and orally bioavailable HDAC enzymes class I (HDAC1/2/3) and class IIb (HDAC10) inhibitor, with IC50s of 95, 160, 67 and 78 nM, respectively.
    Tucidinostat-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-13592
    HDAC-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-7 (Chidamide impurity) is an impurity of Chidamide. Chidamide is a potent and orally bioavailable HDAC enzymes class I (HDAC1/2/3) and class IIb (HDAC10) inhibitor.
    HDAC-IN-7
  • HY-176542
    TD034
    		Inhibitor
    TD034 is a selective, reversible and noncovalent HDAC11 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.1 nM and a Ki of 1.5 nM. TD034 does not inhibit other HDACs or sirtuins. TD034 inhibits the defatty acylation of SHMT2 (HDAC11 substrate). TD034 decreases the YAP1 level via HDAC11 inhibition. TD034 can be used for the study of lung cancer.
    TD034
  • HY-152174
    HDAC-IN-52
    		Inhibitor 99.46%
    HDAC-IN-52 is a pyridine-containing HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.189, 0.227, 0.440 and 0.446 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC10, respectively. HDAC-IN-52 can be used for the research of cancer.
    HDAC-IN-52
  • HY-172762
    S234984
    S234984 (Compound 13) is a molecular glue enhancer can specifically bind to KBTBD4 and HDAC2 to form a stable ternary complex. S234984 can be used for anti-cancer study.
    S234984
  • HY-120448
    QTX125
    		Inhibitor
    QTX125 is a potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. QTX125 exhibits excellent selectivity over other HDACs. QTX125 has antitumor effects.
    QTX125
  • HY-120448A
    QTX125 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    QTX125 TFA is a potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. QTX125 TFA exhibits excellent selectivity over other HDACs. QTX125 has antitumor effects.
    QTX125 TFA
  • HY-156258
    HDAC6-IN-21
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    HDAC6-IN-21 (compound 13) is airreversibleinhibitor of histonedeacetylase 6 (HDAC6).
    HDAC6-IN-21
  • HY-19754A
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.12%
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride is a potent, broad-spectrum HDAC (HDAC) inhibitor. The Ki values against recombinant HDAC isoenzymes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 are 4 nM, 14 nM, 11 nM, 15 nM, 7 nM, and 20 nM respectively. CRA-026440 hydrochloride shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. CRA-026440 (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride
  • HY-174444
    PROTAC HDAC degrader-2
    		Degrader
    PROTAC HDAC degrader-2 is a selective IIb HDACs PROTAC degrader, with DC50s of 13 nM for HDAC6, 29 nM for HDAC10, respectively. PROTAC HDAC degrader-2 exhibits low cytotoxicity against hematological and solid cancer cell lines. PROTAC HDAC degrader-2 can be used for the chemical knockdown of class IIb HDACs. ( Pink: HDAC ligand : (HY-174471), Blue: E3 ligase CRBN Ligand (HY-131717), E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate (HY-174473)).
    PROTAC HDAC degrader-2
  • HY-P3242
    Mad1 (6-21)
    		98.02%
    Mad1 (6-21) is the 6-21 fragment of Mad1 protein. Mad1 (6-21) binds to mammalian Sin3A PAH2 with a Kd of ~29 nM.
    Mad1 (6-21)
  • HY-131961
    Triciferol
    		Antagonist 98.61%
    Triciferol functions as a multiple ligand with combined VDR agonist and HDAC antagonist activities. Triciferol binds directly to the VDR (IC50=87 nM), and functions as an agonist with 1,25D-like potency on several 1,25D target genes. Triciferol induces marked tubulin hyperacetylation, and augments histone acetylation. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities.
    Triciferol
  • HY-RS06085
    HDAC8 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC8 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC8 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC8 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-RS06082
    HDAC7 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC7 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC7 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC7 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-159109
    HDAC6-IN-46
    		Inhibitor 98.51%
    HDAC6-IN-46 (compound 12) is a selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 nM. HDAC6-IN-46 can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.
    HDAC6-IN-46
  • HY-151261
    HDAC6-IN-13
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    HDAC6-IN-13 (Compound 35m) is a potent, highly selective, orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.019 μM. HDAC6-IN-13 also inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 with IC50s of 1.53, 2.06 and 1.03 μM, respectively. HDAC6-IN-13 shows significant BBB permeability and anti-inflammatory activity.
    HDAC6-IN-13
  • HY-128919
    Ac-Lys-AMC
    		98.93%
    Ac-Lys-AMC (Hexanamide), also termed MAL, is a fluorescent substrate for histone deacetylase HDACs.
    Ac-Lys-AMC
  • HY-18947
    SKLB-23bb
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    SKLB-23bb is a potent and selective inhibitor for HDAC6 with an IC50 of 17 nM and shows 25-fold and 200-fold selectivity relative to HDAC1 (IC50=422 nM) and HDAC8 (IC50=3398 nM), respectively.
    SKLB-23bb
  • HY-120508
    Pivanex
    		Inhibitor
    Pivanex (AN-9), a derivative of Butyric acid, is an orally active HDAC inhibitor. Pivanex down-regulates bcr-abl protein and enhances apoptosis. Pivanex has antimetastic and antiangiogenic properties.
    Pivanex
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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