2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-112719B
    BRD 4354 ditrifluoroacetate
    		Inhibitor 98.06%
    BRD 4354 (ditrifluoroacetate) is a moderately potent inhibitor of HDAC5 and HDAC9, with IC50s of 0.85 and 1.88 μM, respectively.
    BRD 4354 ditrifluoroacetate
  • HY-A0281S
    4-Phenylbutyric acid-d11
    		Inhibitor 99.30%
    4-Phenylbutyric acid-d11 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
    4-Phenylbutyric acid-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-N4315
    Pomiferin
    		Inhibitor 98.98%
    Pomiferin (NSC 5113) acts as an potential inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 1.05 μM, and also potently inhibits mTOR (IC50, 6.2 µM).
    Pomiferin
  • HY-169259
    HDAC9-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC9-IN-1 (Compound 7g) is a potent HDAC9 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM. HDAC9-IN-1 significantly inhibits several human cancer cells, induces apoptosis, modulates caspase-related proteins as well as p38, and causes DNA damage.
    HDAC9-IN-1
  • HY-162616
    SelSA
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    SelSA is a selective, orally active inhibitor for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with IC50 of 56.9 nM. SelSA inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. SelSA inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells with IC50 of 0.58-2.6 μM, inhibits cell migration and invasion of Huh7, and induces apoptosis. SelSA exhibits antitumor activity in mouse model.
    SelSA
  • HY-126856
    HC-Toxin
    		Inhibitor 99.26%
    HC-Toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide, is a potent HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM. HC-Toxin induces tumor cell apoptosis and has anticancer effects.
    HC-Toxin
  • HY-157219
    HDAC6-IN-26
    		Inhibitor 99.41%
    HDAC6-IN-26 (compound 23) is a potent inhibitor of HDAC6.
    HDAC6-IN-26
  • HY-RS06070
    HDAC3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-156422
    KPZ560
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    KPZ560 is a potent inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC2, with IC50s of 12 nM and 68 nM, respectively. KPZ560 can increase in the spine density of granule neuron dendrites of mice and inhibitor cell growth of breast cancer cell line MCF.
    KPZ560
  • HY-157388
    CARM1/HDAC2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CARM1/HDAC2-IN-1 (compound CH-1) is a dual inhibitor against CARM1 and HDAC2, with IC50 values of 3.71 nM and 4.07 nM, respectively. CARM1/HDAC2-IN-1 possesses antitumor activity.
    CARM1/HDAC2-IN-1
  • HY-117583
    cis-BG47
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    cis-BG47 is an cis-isomer of BG47, BG47 is a prototypical histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 selective, optoepigenetic probe. BG47 can bind to and competitively inhibits the deacetylase activity of HDAC targets upon a light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization, and increases Histone Methyltransferase H3K9 acetylation. cis-BG47 can be used for neurological disease research.
    cis-BG47
  • HY-149669
    PH14
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    PH14 is a dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 20.3 nM and 24.5 nM for PI3Kα and HDAC3, respectively. PH14 has antiproliferative activity and also induces apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells. PH14 can be used in cancer research, such as lymphoma.
    PH14
  • HY-161464
    Chlopynostat
    		Inhibitor 98.36%
    Chlopynostat (Compound 6c) is a HDAC1 inhibitor with a IC50 value of 67 nM. Chlopynostat reverses STAT4/p66Shc defects by inhibiting HDAC1-induced < b>Apoptosis.
    Chlopynostat
  • HY-156850
    ITF 3756
    		Inhibitor 98.55%
    ITF 3756 is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor. ITF 3756 reduces in vitro the expression of PD-L1 on human monocytes and on CD8 T cells, and shows anti-tumor activity.
    ITF 3756
  • HY-RS06067
    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC2 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-159045
    F-SAHA
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    F-SAHA is a HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) and its 18F labeled derivative can be used in tumor imaging research.
    F-SAHA
  • HY-170495
    HDAC6 degrader-5
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    HDAC6 degrader-5 (Compound 6) exhibits inhibitory and degradation activity against HDAC6, with an IC50 of 4.95 nM and a DC50 of 0.96 nM. HDAC6 degrader-5 inhibits the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, blocks the hepatocyte apoptosis. HDAC6 degrader-5 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mouse APAP (HY-66005)-induced liver injury models.
    HDAC6 degrader-5
  • HY-172157
    HDAC11-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    HDAC11-IN-2 (compound B6) is a high selective Histone Deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) inhibitor. HDAC11-IN-2 inhibits HDAC11 and HDAC8 with IC50s of 51.1 ×10-3 μM and 5 μM, respectively. HDAC11-IN-2 inhibits denovolipogenesis (DNL) and promotes fatty acid oxidation, thus mitigating hepaticlipid accumulation and pathological symptoms in MASLD mice. HDAC11-IN-2 enhances the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 at Thr172 through the inhibition of HDAC11, consequently modulating DNL and fatty acid oxidation in the liver.
    HDAC11-IN-2
  • HY-161304
    HDAC6-IN-33
    		Inhibitor 98.96%
    HDAC6-IN-33 (compound 6) is a selective and irreversible HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 193 nM. HDAC6-IN-33 shows no activity against HDAC1-4. HDAC6-IN-33 is a tight-binding HDAC6 inhibitor capable of inhibiting HDAC6 via a two-step slow-binding mechanism.
    HDAC6-IN-33
  • HY-124782
    HDAC8-IN-8
    		Inhibitor 99.01%
    HDAC8-IN-8 (15a) is an HDAC8 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 23.9 μM and 268.2 μM for hHDAC8 and smHDAC8 respectively. And for hHDAC1 and hHDAC6, the IC50 values are 12.1 μM and 2.9 μM respectively. HDAC8-IN-8 can be used in schistosomiasis-related research.
    HDAC8-IN-8
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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