2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1221S1
    Flufenamic acid-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Flufenamic acid-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Flufenamic acid. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
    Flufenamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-119447
    Mavacoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    Mavacoxib is a selective, oral long-acting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Mavacoxib is used to treat pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease in dogs.
    Mavacoxib
  • HY-15028
    Otenaproxesul
    		Inhibitor 98.03%
    Otenaproxesul (ATB-346), an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2). Otenaproxesul possesses antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
    Otenaproxesul
  • HY-137004
    Indazole-Cl
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    Indazole-Cl (Ind-Cl) is an Estrogen receptor (ER)-β-specific agonist with inflammatory effect. Indazole-Cl inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 exression reduction induced by hypoxia. And Indazole-Cl inhibits ROS production. Indazole-Cl also inhibits cell migration and invasion by hypoxia increased by hypoxia. Indazole-Cl is potent inhibitor of hypoxia-induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
    Indazole-Cl
  • HY-118139
    Desmethyl Celecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50=32 nM) with anti-inflammatory activities. Desmethyl Celecoxib is an analog of Celecoxib and with the optimal yield of 75%.
    Desmethyl Celecoxib
  • HY-15036S1
    Diclofenac-13C6
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Diclofenac-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-126858
    Ambuic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Ambuic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with IC50 of 43.9 μM for strain ATCC 6538. Ambuic acid is an inhbitor for the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide quorum sensing molecules (quormones) in gram-positive bacteria. Ambuic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through ERK/JNK/MAPK signaling pathway.
    Ambuic acid
  • HY-134234
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.28%
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid is a metabolite of celecoxib (HY-14398). Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid
  • HY-N1380R
    Guaiacol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Guaiacol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guaiacol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol (Standard)
  • HY-119671
    BW 755C
    		Inhibitor
    BW 755C is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 μM. BW 755C also inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) with IC50s of 0.65 and 1.2 μg/mL against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    BW 755C
  • HY-19384
    Enflicoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Enflicoxib (E 6087) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).?Enflicoxib does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). E-6087 shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models.
    Enflicoxib
  • HY-N0898S
    Catechin-13C3
    		Inhibitor 98.06%
    Catechin-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Catechin. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    Catechin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N1965
    Gaultherin
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    Gaultherin is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Gaultherin selectively inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL) and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL) to exert anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Gaultherin exhibits modest direct antioxidant capacity, greater in cell-based models. Gaultherin does not affect COX-1 so that avoids the common gastrointestinal side effects of Aspirin (HY-14654).
    Gaultherin
  • HY-118639
    CP-74006
    		Inhibitor 98.86%
    CP-74006 (compound11h) is a selective Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor.
    CP-74006
  • HY-118078
    Robenacoxib
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    Robenacoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Robenacoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
    Robenacoxib
  • HY-N2106
    Dehydroevodiamine
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dehydroevodiamine is a major bioactive quinazoline alkaloid isolated from Evodiae Fructus, has an antiarrhythmic effect in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
    Dehydroevodiamine
  • HY-15029S
    (±)-Naproxen-d3
    		99.77%
    (±)-Naproxen-d3 is the deuterium labeled (±)-Naproxen. (±)-Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    (±)-Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0580R
    Ketorolac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ketorolac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ketorolac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ketorolac (RS37619) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorolac tromethamine is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research.
    Ketorolac (Standard)
  • HY-B1489
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate
  • HY-U00013
    Nitroflurbiprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Nitroflurbiprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with nitric oxide (NO)-donating properties, modulates the increased intrahepatic vascular tone in portal hypertensive cirrhotic rats.
    Nitroflurbiprofen
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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