2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1139
    Tolperisone hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Tolperisone hydrochloride is a centrally acting muscle relaxant studied in neurological disorders causing pathological rhabdomyosclerosis (pyramidal tract injury, multiple sclerosis, myelopathy, encephalomyelitis), spastic paralysis, and other muscle dystonia-related Encephalopathy. Tolperisone hydrochloride also has antiviral activity.
    Tolperisone hydrochloride
  • HY-18633
    MDK83190
    		Activator 98.40%
    MDK83190 is a potent apoptosis activator, induces Apaf-1 oligomerization, increases procaspase-9 processing and subsequent caspase-3 activation in a cyto c-dependent Manner.
    MDK83190
  • HY-117813
    2-Thiouridine
    		99.73%
    2-Thiouridine (2-Thioxo-2-deoxouridine) is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc.
    2-Thiouridine
  • HY-18696
    AMG-337
    		Inducer 99.42%
    AMG-337 is a potent, orally active, selective MET kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 1, 1, 4.7, 5, 21.5, 1077 and >4000 nM of WT MET, H1094R MET, M1250T MET, HGF-stimulated pMET (PC3 cells) MET, V1092I MET, Y1230H MET, and D1228H MET, respectively. AMG 337 inhibits the phosphorylation of MET and downstream effectors in MET-amplified cancer cell lines, resulting in an inhibition of MET-dependent cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
    AMG-337
  • HY-18174E
    Prexasertib dimesylate
    		Inducer 99.04%
    Prexasertib dimesylate (LY2606368 dimesylate) is a selective, ATP-competitive second-generation checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.9 nM and an IC50 of <1 nM. Prexasertib dimesylate inhibits CHK2 (IC50=8 nM) and RSK1 (IC50=9 nM). Prexasertib dimesylate causes double-stranded DNA breakage and replication catastrophe resulting in apoptosis. Prexasertib dimesylate shows potent anti-tumor activity.
    Prexasertib dimesylate
  • HY-19474
    Maytansinol
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Maytansinol (Ansamitocin P-0) is a derivative of Maytansine. Maytansinol can inhibit tubulin polymerization and induce apoptosis. Maytansinol has antitumor activity. Maytansinol can be used in cancer drug research.
    Maytansinol
  • HY-156694
    Hydroxy-PP-Me
    		Modulator 99.92%
    Hydroxy-PP-Me is a selective CBR1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 759 nM. Hydroxy-PP-Me can inhibit serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Hydroxy-PP-Me can enhance the cytotoxic effects of Daunorubicin (HY-13062A) and As2O3 on tumor cells. Hydroxy-PP-Me can be used in the research of cancer such as leukemia.
    Hydroxy-PP-Me
  • HY-102048
    STAT5-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    STAT5-IN-2 is a STAT5 inhibitor, extracted from reference 1, example 17f. STAT5-IN-2 has potent antileukemic effect.
    STAT5-IN-2
  • HY-19566
    NQDI-1
    		Inducer 98.11%
    NQDI-1 inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) with a Ki of 500 nM and an IC50 of 3 μM.
    NQDI-1
  • HY-B0612
    Lercanidipine
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine
  • HY-P99371
    Lirentelimab
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Lirentelimab (AK002) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 (SIGLEC8). Lirentelimab induces cell apoptosis of IL-5-activated eosinophils and inhibits IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Lirentelimab can be used for the research of eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis.
    Lirentelimab
  • HY-13627
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
    		Inducer 99.42%
    Estramustine phosphate sodium, an estradiol analog, is an orally active antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent. Estramustine phosphate sodium depolymerises microtubules by binding to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and/or to tubulin. Estramustine phosphate sodium can interfere mitosis, trigger cell death and induce apoptosis, which can be used for the research of cancer like prostate cancer.
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
  • HY-N2554
    Osthenol
    		Inducer 99.27%
    Osthenol (Ostenol) is a reversible, selective, competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A (IC50=0.74 μM, Ki=0.26 μM), with antifungal and antibacterial activity. Osthenol inhibits the oxidative deamination of hMAO-A and regulates the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. Osthenol also inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells, arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and inhibit cell proliferation. Osthenol is mainly used in the study of neurological diseases and cancer, especially depression-related MAO-A targeted intervention and colon cancer.
    Osthenol
  • HY-N0103A
    Sophocarpine monohydrate
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Sophocarpine monohydrate is a PTEN activator and an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sophocarpine monohydrate upregulates PTEN expression and inhibits PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, arrests tumor cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Sophocarpine monohydrate inhibits MEK/ERK phosphorylation and VEGF secretion, reducing tumor cell migration. Sophocarpine monohydrate can also inhibit NF-κB activation and p38 and JNK phosphorylation, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as iNOS and COX-2, and activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce oxidative stress. Sophocarpine monohydrate has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, and can be used in the research of cancers such as glioblastoma and colorectal cancer, inflammation-related diseases, and Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiac damage.
    Sophocarpine monohydrate
  • HY-N4225
    Aaptamine
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Aaptamine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from the sponge Aaptos suberitoides. Aaptamine is a competitive antagonist of the α-adrenergic receptor, as well as an inhibitor of the proteasome and cholinesterase. Aaptamine is cytotoxic to tumor cells and can induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest of tumor cells, and the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway. Aaptamine has multiple activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and analgesic effects.
    Aaptamine
  • HY-19554A
    MM-401 TFA
    		Inducer 99.62%
    MM-401 (TFA) is a MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferase inhibitor. MM-401 inhibits MLL1 activity (IC50 = 0.32 μM) by blocking MLL1-WDR5 interaction. MM-401 can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and differentiation. MM-401 can be used for the research of MLL leukemia.
    MM-401 TFA
  • HY-119751
    Hematein
    		Inducer
    Hematein is a oxidation product of hematoxylin acted as a dye. Hematein is an allosteric casein kinase II inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.74 μM. Hematein inhibits Akt/PKB Ser129 phosphorylation, the Wnt/TCF pathway and increases apoptosis in lung cancer cells.
    Hematein
  • HY-10815
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1
    		Inducer 99.87%
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1 is a highly potent and selective sigma 1 receptor antagonist (pKi=10.28). σ1 Receptor antagonist-1 inhibits cell growth, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis of MCF-7/ADR cells.
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1
  • HY-111183
    Neocarzinostatin
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Neocarzinostatin induces apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin has potential for EpCAM-positive cancers treatment .
    Neocarzinostatin
  • HY-N4247
    Kuwanon G
    		Modulator 99.52%
    Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Kuwanon G
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity