2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-134929
    Benitrobenrazide
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Benitrobenrazide (BNBZ) is the orally active inhibitor for hexokinase 2 with an IC50 of 0.53 µM. Benitrobenrazide causes DNA damage, and exhibits antitumor effect.
    Benitrobenrazide
  • HY-N2037
    Higenamine
    		Inhibitor 98.91%
    Higenamine (Norcoclaurine), a β2-AR agonist with antioxidant capability, is a key component of the Chinese herb aconite root that prescribes for treating symptoms of heart failure in the oriental Asian countries. Higenamine is also a α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with hypotensive effect. is a selective LSD1 inhibitor (IC50=1.47 μM) that can be isolated from aconite. Higenamine hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Higenamine protects myocyte Apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through selective activation of beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). Higenamine also reduces I/R-induced myocardial infarction in mice. Higenamine can attenuate IL-1β-induced Apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Higenamine protects brain cells from oxygen deprivation. Higenamine can promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Higenamine can be used to study cancer, inflammation, cardiorenal syndrome and other diseases.
    Higenamine
  • HY-B0240R
    Disulfiram (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Disulfiram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Disulfiram. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram + Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels triggering apoptosis of ovarian cancer stem cells[1-6].
    Disulfiram (Standard)
  • HY-17449
    Fosbretabulin disodium
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Fosbretabulin disodium (CA 4DP) is a tubulin destabilizing agent. Fosbretabulin disodium is the Combretastatin A4 proagent that selectively targets endothelial cells, induces regression of nascent tumour neovessels, reduces tumour blood flow and causes central tumour necrosis.
    Fosbretabulin disodium
  • HY-109582
    ADT-OH
    		98.55%
    ADT-OH is a hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor. ADT-OH induces apoptosis and upregulates FADD. ADT-OH inhibits FAK/Paxillin. ADT-OH has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    ADT-OH
  • HY-19980A
    PRIMA-1
    		Inducer 98.0%
    PRIMA-1 (NSC-281668) is a mutant p53 reactivator, restores the sensitivity of TP53 mutant-type thyroid cancer cells to the histone methylation inhibitor 3-Deazaneplanocin A.
    PRIMA-1
  • HY-173629
    RMC-5127
    		Inducer 99.39%
    RMC-5127 is an orally active and brain-penetrant mutant-selective tri-complex RASG12V inhibitor. RMC-5127 non-covalently binds to cyclophilin A (CypA), forming a binary complex that engages RASG12V(ON) to form a high-affinity tri-complex, sterically inhibiting RAS binding . RMC-5127 inhibits the RAS pathway in KRASG12V mutant cancer cells, reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. RMC-5127 is promising for research of cancers with RAS mutations, such as non-small cell lung cancer.
    RMC-5127
  • HY-10209A
    Masitinib mesylate
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Masitinib mesylate (AB-1010 mesylate) is a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective inhibitor of c-Kit (IC50=200 nM for human recombinant c-Kit). It also inhibits PDGFRα/β (IC50s=540/800 nM), Lyn (IC50= 510 nM for LynB), Lck, and, to a lesser extent, FGFR3 and FAK. Masitinib mesylate (AB-1010 mesylate) has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic activity and low toxicity.
    Masitinib mesylate
  • HY-13203
    NVP-TAE 226
    		Inducer 99.77%
    NVP-TAE 226 (TAE226) is a potent and ATP-competitive dual FAK and IGF-1R inhibitor with IC50s of 5.5 nM and 140 nM, respectively. NVP-TAE 226 (TAE226) also effectively inhibits Pyk2 and insulin receptor (InsR) with IC50s of 3.5 nM and 44 nM, respectively.
    NVP-TAE 226
  • HY-15185B
    Nirogacestat dihydrobromide
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Nirogacestat dihydrobromide (PF-3084014 dihydrobromide) is a reversible, orally bioavailable, noncompetitive, and selective γ-secretase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.2 nM. Inhibition of Notch signaling by Nirogacestat dihydrobromide while minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity presents a promising approach for research of Notch receptor-dependent cancers.
    Nirogacestat dihydrobromide
  • HY-B0382
    Fosinopril sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    Fosinopril Sodium is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.
    Fosinopril sodium
  • HY-N0213
    Peiminine
    		99.89%
    Peiminine is a compound that can be isolated from Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet (Cucurbitaceae family). Peiminine can induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Peiminine has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, cardioprotective and other activities in many animal models.
    Peiminine
  • HY-13260
    CCT128930
    		Inducer 99.69%
    CCT128930 is a ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of AKT (IC50=6 nM for AKT2). CCT128930 has 28-fold selectivity over the closely related PKA kinase (IC50=168 nM) through the targeting of Met282 of AKT (Met173 of PKA-AKT chimera), as well as 20-fold selectivity over p70S6K (IC50=120 nM). Antitumor activity.
    CCT128930
  • HY-16397
    Phenformin
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Phenformin (1-phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active antidiabetic and anticancer agent. Phenformin has an incidence of associated lactic acidosis. Phenformin acts through acting AMPK activation and blocking mTOR pathway. Phenformin is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and an OXPHOS inhibitor. Phenformin induces cancer cell apoptosis.
    Phenformin
  • HY-12774
    IC261
    		Inducer 99.63%
    IC261 is a selective, ATP-competitive CK1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1 μM, 1 μM, 16 μM for Ckiδ, Ckiε and Ckiα1, respectively.
    IC261
  • HY-N10470
    Bleomycin A5
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Bleomycin A5 (Pingyangmycin) is an orally active glycopeptide antibiotics. Bleomycin A5 has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a bacterial metabolite.
    Bleomycin A5
  • HY-N2393
    Kukoamine B
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with Kd values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis.
    Kukoamine B
  • HY-B0608
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water)
    		Inducer 99.45%
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water)
  • HY-13680
    Meisoindigo
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Meisoindigo (Dian III), a derivative of Indirubin (HY-N0117), halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Meisoindigo exhibits high antitumor activity.
    Meisoindigo
  • HY-108359
    Alsterpaullone
    		Activator 99.85%
    Alsterpaullone (9-Nitropaullone) is a potent CDK inhibitor, with IC50s of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also competes with ATP for binding to GSK-3alpha/GSK-3beta with IC50s of both 4 nM. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity, and possesses potential for the study in neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis in leukemia cell line.
    Alsterpaullone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity