hydrophobic amino acid

By Targets:	Antibiotic (1) Bacterial (2) Endogenous Metabolite (10) Glycosidase (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (6) Liposome (4) Na+/K+ ATPase (1) nAChR (2) SARS-CoV (1) Ser/Thr Protease (1) Virus Protease (1)
By Research Areas:	Cardiovascular Disease (2) Infection (2) Metabolic Disease (1)
Oligonucleotides:	Cationic Lipids (4)

Targets Recommended: Amino acid Transporter Amino Acid Decarboxylase Amino Acid Oxidase Amino Acid Derivatives EAAT Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) Free Fatty Acid Receptor Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W142092

N-Acetyl-DL-serine	Bacterial Endogenous Metabolite	Others
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .

HY-N0771S3

L-Isoleucine-d10	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S

L-Isoleucine-13C6	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S2

L-Isoleucine-15N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid .

HY-N0771S4

L-Isoleucine-1-13C 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine-1- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S9

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled L-isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S7

L-Isoleucine-15N,d10	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine- ¹⁵N,d₁₀ is the deuterium and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S8

L-Isoleucine-d1	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine-d is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S1

DL-Isoleucine-d10	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
DL-Isoleucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S5

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N,d10	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N,d₁₀ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-P1271

Catestatin Catestatin (cattle)	nAChR	Cardiovascular Disease
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .

HY-N0771S6

L-Cysteine-13C3,15N,d3 Cysteine-¹³C₃,¹⁵N,d₃	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
L-Cysteine- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N,d₃ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine (HY-Y0337). L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-P1271A

Catestatin TFA	nAChR	Cardiovascular Disease
Catestatin TFA is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin TFA is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .

HY-108717B

Proteinase K (NGS grade) Protease K (NGS grade)	Ser/Thr Protease	Others
Proteinase K (Protease K) (NGS grade) (EC 3.4.21.64) is a serine protease with high enzyme activity and broad substrate specificity. Proteinase K can preferentially decompose ester bonds and peptide bonds adjacent to the C-terminus of hydrophobic amino acids, sulfur-containing amino acids, and aromatic amino acids, and is often used to degrade proteins to produce short peptides. This product is NGS grade, no Nickase residue, and nucleic acid residue ≤5pg/mg .

HY-W440681

C13-112-tri-tail	Liposome	Others
C13-112-tri-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tri-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440684

C13-113-tetra-tail	Liposome	Others
C13-113-tetra tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tetra tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440683

C13-112-tetra-tail	Liposome	Others
C13-112-tetra-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tetra-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440682

C13-113-tri-tail	Liposome	Others
C13-113-tri tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tri tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-149341

α-Glucosidase-IN-28	Glycosidase	Metabolic Disease
α-Glucosidase-IN-28 (Compound 18) is a α-Glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀: 0.62 μM, K_i: 3.93 μM). α-Glucosidase-IN-28 binds to α-glucosidase at the original binding site (OBS), and forms multiple hydrophobic interactions with nearby amino acids. α-Glucosidase-IN-28 can be used for research of diabetes and related diseases .

HY-N15365

Antcin B	Virus Protease SARS-CoV	Infection
Antcin B is a SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL Pro) inhibitor. Antcin B binds to multiple key amino acid residues of 3CL Pro(such as Leu141, Asn142, Glu166, His163, etc.) through hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions, thereby inhibiting the activity of 3CL Pro, blocking the cleavage process of viral polyproteins, and suppressing the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in host cells. Antcin B is promising for research of COVID-19 .

HY-P5712

Gramicidin S 1 Publications Verification Gramicidin soviet	Antibiotic Bacterial Na+/K+ ATPase	Infection
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic that selectively targets bacterial cell membranes and has anticancer activity. Gramicidin S also exerts antibacterial activity by destroying membrane integrity and interfering with membrane protein function. Gramicidin S inserts into the phospholipid bilayer through hydrophobic amino acid residues, specifically binds to negatively charged membrane lipids and disrupts membrane structure, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell wall synthesis, and ultimately causing bacterial death. Gramicidin S also inhibits ion channels, with IC₅₀s of 41 μM, 24 μM, and 3 μM for Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase, tobacco leaf plasma membrane Mg ²⁺/K ⁺-ATPase, and rat heart plasma membrane Ca ²⁺-ATPase, respectively .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L913

Tyrosine Focused Covalent Fragment Library	120 compounds
Recently, significant advancements in tyrosine-targeting electrophiles have primarily occurred in the field of protein-protein interactions (PPIs), where cysteine residues are often underrepresented and novel chemistries are needed to address these interfaces. In this context, tyrosines are frequently more accessible compared to more buried binding sites. Moreover, they are commonly found at "hot spots," which are functional epitopes of PPIs, with 12.3% of the residues consisting of tyrosines. This prevalence is likely due to the hydrophobic nature of tyrosine, its ability to participate in aromatic π-interactions, and its capacity for hydrogen bonding. Beyond PPIs, some progress has also been made in covalent tyrosine targeting in other areas where more commonly addressed side chains are lacking. Even though tyrosine has a slightly lower pKa value compared to the protonated lysine side chain (approximately 10 vs. 10.5 for the unprotected amino acid side chains), significantly less progress has been made in the development of tyrosine-targeted covalent ligands compared to lysine. This is likely due to the reduced flexibility of the tyrosine side chain and the greater steric hindrance of its hydroxy group, which makes it more challenging to adopt suitable reaction geometries. Through careful selection, we constructed a structural filter containing over 110 electrophilic groups. By analyzing the electrophilic fragments selected by the structural filter, we removed any molecules with trivial or undesirable structural features. Ultimately, we obtained 124 fragment molecules which can target tyrosine residue and can be used for fragment-based covalent drug discovery.

Tyrosine Focused Covalent Fragment Library

120 compounds

Recently, significant advancements in tyrosine-targeting electrophiles have primarily occurred in the field of protein-protein interactions (PPIs), where cysteine residues are often underrepresented and novel chemistries are needed to address these interfaces. In this context, tyrosines are frequently more accessible compared to more buried binding sites. Moreover, they are commonly found at "hot spots," which are functional epitopes of PPIs, with 12.3% of the residues consisting of tyrosines. This prevalence is likely due to the hydrophobic nature of tyrosine, its ability to participate in aromatic π-interactions, and its capacity for hydrogen bonding. Beyond PPIs, some progress has also been made in covalent tyrosine targeting in other areas where more commonly addressed side chains are lacking. Even though tyrosine has a slightly lower pKa value compared to the protonated lysine side chain (approximately 10 vs. 10.5 for the unprotected amino acid side chains), significantly less progress has been made in the development of tyrosine-targeted covalent ligands compared to lysine. This is likely due to the reduced flexibility of the tyrosine side chain and the greater steric hindrance of its hydroxy group, which makes it more challenging to adopt suitable reaction geometries.

Through careful selection, we constructed a structural filter containing over 110 electrophilic groups. By analyzing the electrophilic fragments selected by the structural filter, we removed any molecules with trivial or undesirable structural features. Ultimately, we obtained 124 fragment molecules which can target tyrosine residue and can be used for fragment-based covalent drug discovery.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-W440681

C13-112-tri-tail	Drug Delivery
C13-112-tri-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tri-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440684

C13-113-tetra-tail	Drug Delivery
C13-113-tetra tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tetra tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440683

C13-112-tetra-tail	Drug Delivery
C13-112-tetra-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tetra-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440682

C13-113-tri-tail	Drug Delivery
C13-113-tri tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tri tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-W142092

N-Acetyl-DL-serine	Bacterial Endogenous Metabolite	Others
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .

HY-P1271

Catestatin Catestatin (cattle)	nAChR	Cardiovascular Disease
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .

HY-P1271A

Catestatin TFA	nAChR	Cardiovascular Disease
Catestatin TFA is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin TFA is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .

HY-P4371A

Hel 13-5 TFA	Peptides	Others
Hel 13-5 TFA is a monomeric synthetic peptide based on the N-terminal fragment of human SP-B. Hel 13-5 TFA is mainly α-helical and consists of 13 hydrophobic amino acid residues and 5 hydrophilic amino acid residues. Hel 13-5 TFA can be combined with phospholipids for the development of a model system for pulmonary surfactant .

HY-P5429

DNA-PK Substrate	Peptides	Others
DNA-PK Substrate is a biological active peptide. (A substrate for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphorylation. DNA-PK is essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This peptide corresponding to 11–24 amino acids of human p53 with threonine 18 and serine 20 changed to alanine is used as a substrate for the assay of DNA-PK activityPyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)

HY-P5712

Gramicidin S 1 Publications Verification Gramicidin soviet	Antibiotic Bacterial Na+/K+ ATPase	Infection
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic that selectively targets bacterial cell membranes and has anticancer activity. Gramicidin S also exerts antibacterial activity by destroying membrane integrity and interfering with membrane protein function. Gramicidin S inserts into the phospholipid bilayer through hydrophobic amino acid residues, specifically binds to negatively charged membrane lipids and disrupts membrane structure, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell wall synthesis, and ultimately causing bacterial death. Gramicidin S also inhibits ion channels, with IC₅₀s of 41 μM, 24 μM, and 3 μM for Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase, tobacco leaf plasma membrane Mg ²⁺/K ⁺-ATPase, and rat heart plasma membrane Ca ²⁺-ATPase, respectively .

HY-P4371

Hel 13-5	Peptides	Others
Hel 13-5 is a monomeric synthetic peptide based on the N-terminal segment of human SP-B. Hel 13-5 mainly is a-helical and consists of 13 hydrophobic and 5 hydrophilic amino acid residues. Hel 13-5 can be used in combination with phospholipids for developing pulmonary surfactant model systems .

HY-P5479

EE epitope	Peptides	Others
EE epitope is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is a 314 to 319 amino acids fragment of the middle T antigen of mouse polymavirus. Glu-Glu epitope peptide is widely used as an epitope tag.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N15365

Antcin B	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification	Virus Protease SARS-CoV
Antcin B is a SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL Pro) inhibitor. Antcin B binds to multiple key amino acid residues of 3CL Pro(such as Leu141, Asn142, Glu166, His163, etc.) through hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions, thereby inhibiting the activity of 3CL Pro, blocking the cleavage process of viral polyproteins, and suppressing the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in host cells. Antcin B is promising for research of COVID-19 .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-N0771S3

L-Isoleucine-d10
L-Isoleucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S

L-Isoleucine-13C6
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S2

L-Isoleucine-15N
L-Isoleucine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid .

HY-N0771S4

L-Isoleucine-1-13C 1 Publications Verification
L-Isoleucine-1- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S9

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled L-isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S7

L-Isoleucine-15N,d10
L-Isoleucine- ¹⁵N,d₁₀ is the deuterium and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S8

L-Isoleucine-d1
L-Isoleucine-d is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S1

DL-Isoleucine-d10
DL-Isoleucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S5

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N,d10
L-Isoleucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N,d₁₀ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

HY-N0771S6

L-Cysteine-13C3,15N,d3
L-Cysteine- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N,d₃ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine (HY-Y0337). L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid . L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-W440681

C13-112-tri-tail		Cationic Lipids
C13-112-tri-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tri-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440684

C13-113-tetra-tail		Cationic Lipids
C13-113-tetra tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tetra tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440683

C13-112-tetra-tail		Cationic Lipids
C13-112-tetra-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tetra-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

HY-W440682

C13-113-tri-tail		Cationic Lipids
C13-113-tri tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tri tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).

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Remarks

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

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Peptides

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Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

hydrophobic amino acid

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

NaturalProducts

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Natural
Products