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dopamine neurons

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Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-W010410

    Others Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling .
    Oct-1-en-3-ol
  • HY-N0137

    Drug Intermediate Neurological Disease
    Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride is one of the Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride has neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons .
    Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride
  • HY-113316A

    Endogenous Metabolite Opioid Receptor Neurological Disease
    (±)-Salsolinol hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of (±)-Salsolinol (HY-113316). (±)-Salsolinol hydrochloride is a Dopamine (HY-B0451)-derived endogenous metabolite. (±)-Salsolinol hydrochloride activates μ-opioid receptors (MORs), reduces GABAergic transmission, increases the excitability of dopamine (DA) neurons, and thus accelerates the sustained firing of neurons in the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) .
    (±)-Salsolinol hydrochloride
  • HY-121685A
    Tipepidine hydrochloride
    1 Publications Verification

    Potassium Channel Neurological Disease
    Tipepidine hydrochloride reversibly inhibits dopamine (DA) D2 receptor-mediated GIRK currents (IDA(GIRK)) with an IC50 of 7.0 μM. Tipepidine hydrochloride subsequently activates VTA dopamine neuron . Tipepidine hydrochloride, a non-narcotic antitussive, exerts an antidepressant-like effect .
    Tipepidine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0137A

    Drug Intermediate Neurological Disease
    (R)-Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride is the isomer of Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride (HY-N0137), and can be used as an experimental control. Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride is one of the Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride has neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons .
    (R)-Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride
  • HY-W008719
    MPP+ iodide
    15+ Cited Publications

    Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease
    MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
    MPP+ iodide
  • HY-121675

    BOL-148; Bromolysergide

    Dopamine Receptor 5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease
    2-Bromo-LSD (BOL-148; Bromolysergide) is a Dopamine Receptor antagonist that directly affects dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra neostriatum. 2-Bromo-LSD increases the hydroxylation of tyrosine in striatum and antagonizes the decrease of Apomorphine-induced DOPA accumulation. 2-Bromo-LSD also blocks the 5-HT Receptor mediated DOPA formation .
    2-Bromo-LSD
  • HY-W013353

    Endogenous Metabolite Opioid Receptor Neurological Disease
    (RS)-Salsolinol hydrobromide is the hydrobromide form of (±)-Salsolinol (HY-113316). (RS)-Salsolinol hydrobromide is a Dopamine (HY-B0451)-derived endogenous metabolite. (RS)-Salsolinol hydrobromide activates μ-opioid receptors (MORs), reduces GABAergic transmission, increases the excitability of dopamine (DA) neurons, and thus accelerates the sustained firing of neurons in the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) .
    (RS)-Salsolinol hydrobromide
  • HY-121685

    Potassium Channel Neurological Disease
    Tipepidine reversibly inhibits dopamine (DA) D2 receptor-mediated GIRK currents (IDA(GIRK)) with an IC50 of 7.0 μM. Tipepidine subsequently activates VTA dopamine neuron . Tipepidine, a non-narcotic antitussive, exerts an antidepressant-like effect .
    Tipepidine
  • HY-138806

    Calcium Channel Neurological Disease
    PAQ (Compound 4c) is a quinoxaline derivative. PAQ is an orally active neuroprotective agent, which targets dopamine (DA) neurons and activates reticulum endoplasmic ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, without effects on glia cells .
    PAQ
  • HY-124767

    Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurological Disease
    SR 142948A is a non-peptide neuropeptide neuropeptin (NT) receptor antagonist. SR 142948A is able to bind to neuropeptin receptors, especially with high affinity for NT1 and NT2 receptors. SR 142948A is mainly used to study the role of neuropeptide in the neurotransmitter system, especially the dopamine system .
    SR 142948A
  • HY-W026109

    Fat Mass and Obesity-associated Protein (FTO) Neurological Disease
    FTO-IN-12 (Compound 2) is an inhibitor of fat mass and obesity-related protein (FTO). Kd and IC50 values are 185 nM and 1.46 μM, respectively. FTO-IN-12 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
    FTO-IN-12
  • HY-W008719S

    Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease
    MPP+-d3 (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
    MPP+-d3(iodide)
  • HY-118706

    Dopamine Receptor Neurological Disease
    PD 118440 is an orally active dopamine (DA) agonist. PD 118440 has significant central nervous system effects, including inhibition of striatal DA synthesis, suppression of DA neuron firing, and reversal of Reserpine (HY-N0480)-induced depression in rats .
    PD 118440
  • HY-121252

    α-synuclein Neurological Disease
    Dopal is an aldehyde that can be generated in Parkinson's disease by enzymatic degradation of dopamine. Dopal can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers aggregation of α-synuclein. Dopal elicits α-synuclein accumulation and hampers α-synuclein clearance in primary neurons .
    Dopal
  • HY-121252A

    α-synuclein Neurological Disease
    Dopal (purity>80%) is an aldehyde that can be generated in Parkinson's disease by enzymatic degradation of dopamine. Dopal (purity>80%) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers aggregation of α-synuclein. Dopal (purity>80%) elicits α-synuclein accumulation and hampers α-synuclein clearance in primary neurons .
    Dopal (purity>80%)
  • HY-160019

    Deubiquitinase Mitophagy Neurological Disease
    MTX115325 (Example 1) is an orally active, brain-penetrating USP30 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM) with neuroprotective activity. MTX115325 increases ubiquitination (EC50=32 nM) of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20 (a USP30 substrate), increasing mitophagy. MTX115325 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and preserves striatal dopamine .
    MTX115325
  • HY-152171

    Monoamine Transporter Neurological Disease
    GZ-11608 is a potent and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with high affinity (Ki = 25 nM). GZ-11608 decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release from isolated synaptic vesicles from brain dopaminergic neurons. GZ-11608 exhibits rapid brain penetration and without neurotoxicity. GZ-11608 can be used for the research of methamphetamine use disorder .
    GZ-11608
  • HY-136390

    Dopamine Receptor Neurological Disease
    ML417 is a selective and brain penetrant D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) agonist, with an EC50 of 38 nM. ML417 potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein mediated signaling, and pERK phosphorylation with minimal effects on other GPCR-mediated signaling. ML417 exhibits neuroprotection against toxin-induced neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons .
    ML417
  • HY-113967

    Aminotransferases (Transaminases) Neurological Disease
    PF-04859989 is a brain-penetrant, irreversible kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) II inhibitor with IC50s of 23 and 263 nM for hKAT II and rKAT II. PF-04859989 is selective for KAT II over human KAT I, KAT III, and KAT IV (IC50s of 22, 11, and >50 μM, respectively) .
    PF-04859989
  • HY-116451
    PF-04859989 hydrochloride
    1 Publications Verification

    Aminotransferases (Transaminases) Neurological Disease
    PF-04859989 hydrochloride is a brain-penetrant, irreversible kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) II inhibitor with IC50s of 23 and 263 nM for hKAT II and rKAT II. PF-04859989 hydrochloride is selective for KAT II over human KAT I, KAT III, and KAT IV (IC50s of 22, 11, and >50 μM, respectively) .
    PF-04859989 hydrochloride
  • HY-B1081
    Oxidopamine hydrochloride
    Maximum Cited Publications
    31 Publications Verification

    6-Hydroxydopamine Hydrochloride

    Dopamine Receptor Autophagy Mitophagy COX PGE synthase Interleukin Related p38 MAPK Apoptosis Caspase Neurological Disease Cancer
    Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrochloride is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Oxidopamine hydrochloride is a widely used neurotoxin and selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. Oxidopamine hydrochloride promotes COX-2 activation, leading to PGE2 synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β secretion. Oxidopamine hydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome .
    Oxidopamine hydrochloride
  • HY-172550

    HCN Channel Neurological Disease
    MS7710 is a brain-penetrant inhibitor targeting the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. MS7710 reduces the Ih current and decreases the activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons by inhibiting HCN channels. MS7710 can effectively improve social interaction deficits and reward-related cognitive flexibility in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. MS7710 is promising for research of depression .
    MS7710
  • HY-B1081A
    Oxidopamine hydrobromide
    Maximum Cited Publications
    31 Publications Verification

    6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide; 6-OHDA hydrobromide

    Dopamine Receptor Autophagy Mitophagy COX PGE synthase Interleukin Related p38 MAPK Apoptosis Caspase Neurological Disease Cancer
    Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrobromide is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Oxidopamine hydrobromide is a widely used neurotoxin and selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. Oxidopamine hydrobromide promotes COX-2 activation, leading to PGE2 synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β secretion. Oxidopamine hydrobromide can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome .
    Oxidopamine hydrobromide
  • HY-148502
    VU6019650
    2 Publications Verification

    mAChR Neurological Disease
    VU6019650 is a potent and selective orthosteric antagonist of M5 mAChR (IC50=36 nM), can be used for opioid use disorder (OUD) relief. VU6019650 can cross blood brain barrier, potentially modulates the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry. VU6019650 blocks Oxotremorine M iodide (HY-101372A) induced increases of neuronal firing rates of midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) .
    VU6019650
  • HY-160959

    nAChR Neurological Disease
    AN317 is a selective agonist for α6β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with Ki of 6.2 nM and 4.1 nM, for α6/α3β2β3 receptor and α4β2 receptor, respectively. AN317 induces dopamine release in the synaptosomes of the rat striatum, enhances dopaminergic neuronal activity in substantia nigra, and exhibits protective efficacy to rat neurons against dopamine neurotoxin MPP +. AN317 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. AN317 penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BB) .
    AN317
  • HY-N7063S1

    Mitochondrial Metabolism Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Isotope-Labeled Compounds Infection
    Nerol-d6 is deuterated labeled Nerol (HY-N7063). Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity .
    Nerol-d6
  • HY-W010410R

    Reference Standards Others Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    Methyl ricinoleate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl ricinoleate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl ricinoleate is a compound belonging to the group of fatty acid methyl esters. It is derived from ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in castor oil. Methyl ricinoleate is often used as a reference compound for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography. It has also been investigated for its potential use as a biofuel and as an ingredient in the production of biodegradable plastics and surfactants.
    Oct-1-en-3-ol (Standard)
  • HY-15147G

    PARP Neurological Disease Cancer
    XAV-939 (GMP) is XAV-939 (HY-15347) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. XAV-939 is a tankyrase inhibitor .
    XAV-939
  • HY-10431G

    TGF-β Receptor Neurological Disease Cancer
    SB-431542 (GMP) is SB-431542 (HY-10431) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. SB-431542 is a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (TRKI) in SMAD signaling .
    SB-431542
  • HY-123538

    Dopamine Receptor G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase (GRK) Cardiovascular Disease
    GRK2 Inhibitor 1 (methyl 5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-2-furoate) is a dual GRK2/β-ARK1 inhibitor that induces dopamine (DA) inhibition reversal (DIR). GRK2 Inhibitor 1 can also block serotonin-induced or neurotensin-induced DIR reversal. Note: DIR refers to the phenomenon in which neurons in addiction-related brain pathways become less sensitive to DA inhibition when exposed to moderate concentrations of DA for a long time .
    GRK2 Inhibitor 1
  • HY-13409A
    SB 242084 dihydrochloride
    4 Publications Verification

    5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    SB 242084 dihydrochloride is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pKi=9.0) 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 dihydrochloride increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 dihydrochloride also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT2A receptor. SB 242084 dihydrochloride has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage .
    SB 242084 dihydrochloride
  • HY-13409
    SB 242084
    4 Publications Verification

    5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    SB 242084 is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pKi=9.0) 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT2A receptor. SB 242084 has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage .
    SB 242084
  • HY-171807

    nAChR STAT Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    TC-2559 free base is a α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists with an EC50 of 0.18 μM. TC-2559 free base shows much weaker potencies on the group of b4-containing nAChR subtypes, α2β4, α4β4 and α3β4 receptors, with EC50s in the range of 10-30 µM. TC-2559 free base can increase the discharge of dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats in vitro, enhancing the excitability and aggressive behavior of VTA dopamine neurons. TC-2559 free base inhibits STAT3 to exert anti-inflammatory properties and relieves mice mechanical allodynia and improve rats cognitive deficits. TC-2559 free base can be used for the study of nerve pain .
    TC-2559 free base
  • HY-13409B

    5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    SB 242084 monohydrochloride is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pKi=9.0) 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 monohydrochloride increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT2A receptor. SB 242084 monohydrochloride has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage .
    SB 242084 monohydrochloride
  • HY-13409AR

    5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    SB 242084 (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of SB 242084 (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SB 242084 dihydrochloride is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pKi=9.0) 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 dihydrochloride increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 dihydrochloride also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT2A receptor. SB 242084 dihydrochloride has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage .
    SB 242084 dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-13409R

    5-HT Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    SB 242084 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SB 242084. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SB 242084 is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pKi=9.0) 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT2A receptor. SB 242084 has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage .
    SB 242084 (Standard)
  • HY-B1311
    Proadifen hydrochloride
    1 Publications Verification

    SKF-525A; U-5446; RP-5171

    Cytochrome P450 Monoamine Oxidase Bcl-2 Family Survivin PARP Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Proadifen (SKF-525A) hydrochloride is a non-competitive Cytochrome P450 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 19 μM. Proadifen hydrochloride reduces monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity and reverses the antidepressantlike behavioral effect of Imipramine (HY-B1490A) and Desipramine (HY-B1272A) in rats. Proadifen hydrochloride also reduces N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) metabolism in liver microsomes and inhibits N-demethylationand Acridone (HY-W007771) formation. Proadifen hydrochloride augments Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced fever and exacerbates Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952) levels in the rat. Proadifen hydrochloride is promising for research of metabolism-related deseases, ovarian carcinoma, inflammation and dopamine neurons-related deseases .
    Proadifen hydrochloride
  • HY-B1311R

    SKF-525A (Standard); U-5446 (Standard); RP-5171 (Standard)

    Reference Standards Cytochrome P450 Monoamine Oxidase Bcl-2 Family Survivin PARP Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Proadifen (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Proadifen (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Proadifen (SKF-525A) hydrochloride is a non-competitive Cytochrome P450 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 19 μM. Proadifen hydrochloride reduces monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity and reverses the antidepressantlike behavioral effect of Imipramine (HY-B1490A) and Desipramine (HY-B1272A) in rats. Proadifen hydrochloride also reduces N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) metabolism in liver microsomes and inhibits N-demethylationand Acridone (HY-W007771) formation. Proadifen hydrochloride augments Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced fever and exacerbates Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952) levels in the rat. Proadifen hydrochloride is promising for research of metabolism-related deseases, ovarian carcinoma, inflammation and dopamine neurons-related deseases [4] .
    Proadifen hydrochloride (Standard)

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