Cytochrome c/CYCS Protein, Human (His)

Cytochrome c/CYCS protein is a conserved heme-containing protein, and its core function is electron transport. Cytochrome c is widely involved in physiological processes such as aerobic/anaerobic respiration, apoptosis, and antioxidation. Cytochrome c/CYCS Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant Cytochrome c/CYCS protein expressed by E. coli and carries a C-terminal 6*His tag^[1].

Cytochrome c/CYCS protein, as a core component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, is responsible for transferring electrons between cytochrome c reductase and oxidase, driving the oxidative phosphorylation process and ATP synthesis. In addition to its role in electron transport, Cytochrome c also plays a significant role in apoptosis. Upon stimulation by apoptotic signals, Cytochrome c is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytoplasm, where it binds to APAF-1 to form an apoptosome, initiating the caspase cascade and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, Cytochrome c is involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, maintaining intracellular redox balance through antioxidant mechanisms. As a central molecule linking mitochondrial energy metabolism and apoptosis, Cytochrome c plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes^[1].

Cytochrome c (10-20 μM; 0-150 min) can induce apoptosis in multiple cell types, such as normal rat renal epithelial cells, adrenocortical Y-1 tumor cells, mouse embryonic Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and IPC-81 leukemia cells^[2].
Cytochrome c (5 μM; 3 min-15 h) increases K+ currents, and induces apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells^[3].

Human

E. coli

C-6*His

P99999 (G2-E105)

54205  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

GDVEKGKKIFIMKCSQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGYSYTAANKNKGIIWGEDTLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIAYLKKATNE

Approximately 16.0 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Solution.

Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 10% Trehalose, 200 mM NaCl, 50% Glycerol, 0.05% Tween 80, pH7.0.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Stored at -80°C for 1 year from date of receipt. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping with dry ice.

• [1]. Bertini I, et al. Cytochrome c: occurrence and functions. Chem Rev. 2006 Jan;106(1):90-115.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Zhivotovsky B, et al. Injected cytochrome c induces apoptosis. Nature. 1998 Jan 29;391(6666):449-50.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Platoshyn O, et al. Cytochrome c activates K+ channels before inducing apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):C1298-305.  [Content Brief]