2. Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  4. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12  (Synonyms: LPS, from Escherichia coli (O128:B12))

Cat. No.: HY-D1056A4
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Handling Instructions Technical Support

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O128:B12)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O128:B12) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 activate TLR-4 in immune cells, can be used to construct animal models of neonatal brain inflammation, and may influence preterm birth in neonates.
It is recommended to prepare a stock solution of ≥2 mg/mL and ensure that it is fully mixed and dissolved. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 Chemical Structure

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 Chemical Structure

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Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 Related Antibodies

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Description

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O128:B12)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O128:B12) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 activate TLR-4 in immune cells, can be used to construct animal models of neonatal brain inflammation, and may influence preterm birth in neonates[1].
It is recommended to prepare a stock solution of ≥2 mg/mL and ensure that it is fully mixed and dissolved. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage.

IC50 & Target

TLR-4[2]
In Vitro

Note:
1. To maintain the integrity of LPS, it is recommended to store LPS solution in silanized containers. This is because LPS can adhere to plastics and certain types of glass, particularly at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL. If concentration of LPS is higher than 1 mg/mL, this adsorption effect is relatively small, it is recommended to prepare ≥2 mg/mL stock solution, vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes, and use ultrasound to assist dissolution if necessary, and ensure sufficient mixing and dissolution. If using glass containers, ensure that the solution is thoroughly mixed for at least 30 minutes before use to redissolve any LPS that may have adsorbed to the tube walls.
2. LPS is a molecule capable of forming micelles of varying sizes in solution, and its molecular weight is not fixed. Both the stock solution and working solution can be prepared directly based on mass concentration (mg/mL, μg/mL, etc.).
3. Upon dissolution in water or PBS, LPS may form a uniformly turbid solution. For sterilization, DO NOT filter the stock solution directly. It is recommended to dilute the stock solution to the working concentration before sterilizing through a 0.22 μm filter membrane.

LPS is the major toxic component of Gram-negative bacteria, capable of activating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and inducing cellular secretion of migrasomes. LPS can be recognized by TLR4, activating the innate immune system, followed by promoting NF-κB activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, commonly used in experiments for the stimulation, activation, and differentiation of immune cells.
Different types of bacteria express LPS with varying structures and biological activities. LPS generally comes in two configurations: R (rough) type and S (smooth) type. S-type LPS contains a typical three-part structure: O-antigen (O-antigen) (serum-specific polysaccharides composed of repeating oligosaccharide units), core oligosaccharide (core) (C9-type non-repeating oligosaccharides), and lipid A (Lipid A) (the toxic component of LPS). The R type does not contain an O-antigen and expresses rough-type LPS. The lack of O-antigen can affect how immune cells recognize LPS.
E. coli expresses four LPS serotypes: O111:B4, O55:B5, O127:B8, O128:B12[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 (20 μg/animal; single dose) induce preterm birth (delivery within 17 h post-injection) in pregnant CD1 mice, and elicit downstream contraction and inflammatory signaling in the mouse myometrium and neonatal brain[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

[Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12]
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; DMSO can inactivate Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12's activity)

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This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
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Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12LPS, from Escherichia coli (O128:B12)Toll-like Receptor (TLR)Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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