Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori infection is a common bacterial infection affecting approximately half of the global population, with 30–40% of individuals in the United States harboring the bacterium, often acquired during childhood. This gram-negative organism colonizes the gastric mucosa and is a major cause of both benign conditions such as gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as malignant diseases including stomach cancer. The infection is frequently asymptomatic but can lead to mucosal damage by disrupting the stomach's protective lining, resulting in symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis is confirmed through serological, breath, stool antigen tests, or endoscopic biopsy. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications, followed by testing to ensure eradication. Prevention strategies focus on hygiene practices such as handwashing, safe food and water consumption, and avoiding exposure to contaminated sources.

References: