2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-135849
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger is a key enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its expression and localization is markedly altered in tumors. Free oxygen radical scavenger.
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger
  • HY-108537
    L 012 sodium salt
    		99.63%
    L 012 sodium salt a luminol-based chemiluminescent (CL) probe, is widely used in vitro and in vivo to detect NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide (O2•−) and identify Nox inhibitors.
    L 012 sodium salt
  • HY-110256
    N-Acetylcysteine amide
    		99.88%
    N-Acetylcysteine amide is a cell membranes and blood brain barrier permeant thiol antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, reduces ROS production.
    N-Acetylcysteine amide
  • HY-N0287
    Lycopene
    		99.70%
    Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.
    Lycopene
  • HY-N0376
    Liquiritin
    		99.99%
    Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.
    Liquiritin
  • HY-B0356A
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride
  • HY-17007
    Saquinavir
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir
  • HY-N0105
    Rhein
    		99.56%
    Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects[1].
    Rhein
  • HY-N0394
    L-Cystine
    		99.84%
    L-Cystine is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine
  • HY-18260
    Bisphenol A
    		Activator 99.75%
    Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders.
    Bisphenol A
  • HY-100542
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium
  • HY-111653
    CycLuc1
    		99.72%
    CycLuc1 is a blood-brain barrier permeable luciferase substrate that displays near-infrared (NIR) emission with a peak luminescence wavelength of 599 nm. CycLuc1 can be used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging.
    CycLuc1
  • HY-W004702
    Methyl methanesulfonate
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Methyl methanesulfonate is an alkylating agent which transfers methyl groups, and induces DNA damage. Methyl methanesulfonate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Methyl methanesulfonate
  • HY-N0393
    Glabridin
    		99.98%
    Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities.
    Glabridin
  • HY-14781
    Levomefolic acid
    		98.55%
    Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid
  • HY-12542
    Dantrolene
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Dantrolene is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene
  • HY-134495
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester
    		≥98.0%
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester is an esterified form of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester exhibits enhanced cell permeability, and produce NAC and cysteine. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester increases circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and can be used as an H2S producer. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester has the potential to substitute NAC as a mucolytic agent, and as a GSH-related antioxidant.
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester
  • HY-12688A
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) inhibitor, effective inhibits (KGDHC) in muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) inhibitor, impairs viability of cancer cells in a cell-specific metabolism-dependent manner. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt inhibits the glutamate-induced ROS production in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons in situ.
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
  • HY-18733
    Lipoic acid
    		99.56%
    Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid
  • HY-101200
    Linsidomine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (SIN-1 chloride) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. Linsidomine hydrochloride is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. Linsidomine hydrochloride induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Linsidomine hydrochloride inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of Linsidomine hydrochloride shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    Linsidomine hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity