2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N3287
    Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate
    		≥98.0%
    Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate is a gallic acid derivant that can be isolated from myricaria Laxiflora. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows obvious antimicrobial activities. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows fairly active for oxidation resistance in the presence of H2O2.
    Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate
  • HY-134928
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E
    		Modulator
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases.
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E
  • HY-N2423
    Sinigrin hydrate
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) hydrate is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin hydrate possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin hydrate can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin hydrate
  • HY-146971
    Anti-inflammatory agent 38
    		Inhibitor 98.66%
    Anti-inflammatory agent 38 (compound 23d) is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 pathway inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.38 μM for NO. Anti-inflammatory agent 38 can significantly reduce the level of ROS in cells. Anti-inflammatory agent 38 can be used for researching anti-inflammatory.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 38
  • HY-169652
    NPC26
    		≥98.0%
    NPC26 is a small molecule mitochondrial disruptor with anti-tumor activity. NPC-26 shows significant anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on CRC cell lines (HCT-116, DLD-1, and HT-29). NPC26 can damage mitochondrial function, leading to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately inducing cell death. NPC-26 can kill CRC cells by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.
    NPC26
  • HY-N0328R
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard)
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard) is the analytical standard of alpha-Mangostin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM.
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard)
  • HY-103253
    LY231617
    		Inhibitor 98.13%
    LY231617 is a potent and blood-brain barrier penetrable antioxidant. LY231617 is a neuroprotective agent in brain, it can be used for the research of nervous disease.
    LY231617
  • HY-N3260
    Methyllucidone
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Methyllucidone is a neuroprotective agent and an antioxidant that can be isolated from Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. Methyllucidone inhibits the ROS production, and activates antioxidant signaling pathways that include Nrf-2 and PI3K.
    Methyllucidone
  • HY-157629
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
    		Inhibitor 99.1%
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (PAPE), a compound isolated from egg yolk with antioxidant activity related to the unsaturated fatty acid content, was extracted, purified, and analyzed by various techniques.
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
  • HY-N10450
    Kumujian A
    		Inhibitor 98.32%
    Kumujian A (1-Ethoxycarbonyl-β-carboline), an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits both superoxide anion generation (IC50 = 4.87 μg/mL) and elastase release (IC50 = 6.29 μg/mL).
    Kumujian A
  • HY-N8284
    Tomentosin
    		Inducer 98.95%
    Tomentosin is an orally active natural sesquiterpenoid lactone. Tomentosin exhibits multiple activities such as anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. Tomentosin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis. Tomentosin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammation and nervous system diseases.
    Tomentosin
  • HY-N6037
    Gardenin B
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B
  • HY-N8804
    Shatavarin IV
    		Inhibitor
    Shatavarin IV is a steroidal saponin, that can be isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae). Shatavarin IV shows anticancer activity. Shatavarin IV elicits lifespan extension and alleviates Parkinsonism in Caenorhabditis elegans.
    Shatavarin IV
  • HY-173591
    T0080
    		Inhibitor
    T0080 is a FPR-1 antagonist. T0080 reduces the cell apoptosis, inhibits ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) from plaque macrophages, which attenuates atherosclerotic progression in ApoE−/− mice.
    T0080
  • HY-P1844
    Chemerin-9 (149-157)
    		Inducer
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) is a potent agonist of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) . Chemerin-9 (149-157) has anti-inflammatory activity. Chemerin-9 (149-157) stimulates phosphorylation of Akt and ERK as well as ROS production. Chemerin-9 (149-157) ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairmen. Chemerin-9 (149-157) regulates immune responses, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose metabolism.
    Chemerin-9 (149-157)
  • HY-W419589
    Xanthomicrol
    		Inducer
    Xanthomicrol is extracted from the resin of the plant called Chinese bellflower (a member of the Scrophulariaceae family) and is a monoamine oxidase (MAOs) inhibitor. Xanthomicrol has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, with IC50 values of 0.88 and 1.69 μg/mL in HL60 and K562 cells. Xanthomicrol's the main metabolite of 5DT in mouse colon, and it can reduce levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, as well as COX-2 protein levels. Additionally, Xanthomicrol decreases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induces the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1.
    Xanthomicrol
  • HY-B0166S3
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-2
  • HY-120251A
    Leteprinim potassium
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Leteprinim potassium (AIT-082), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim potassium is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim potassium can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim potassium reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim potassium increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species.
    Leteprinim potassium
  • HY-161659
    Apoptosis inducer 19
    		Inducer 98.31%
    Apoptosis inducer 19 (Compound 7g) is an Apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 19 elevates expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Apoptosis inducer 19 upregulates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Apoptosis inducer 19 can be used for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) research.
    Apoptosis inducer 19
  • HY-155068
    FC-116
    		Inducer 98.04%
    FC-11 is a Tubulin inhibitor that effectively inhibits tumor growth in mice. FC-11 can also induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to generate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial damage, thereby promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by targeting microtubules. FC-11 can be used in cancer research.
    FC-116
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity