2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0523A
    Gallic acid hydrate
    		99.81%
    Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid hydrate
  • HY-D1156A
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide
    		99.55%
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells.
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide
  • HY-115386
    MitoTEMPOL
    		≥99.0%
    MitoTEMPOL is a a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide that reduces mitochondrial O2-to H2O2.
    MitoTEMPOL
  • HY-147803
    TrxR-IN-5
    		Inhibitor 98.07%
    TrxR-IN-5 (compound 4f) is a potent TrxR (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. TrxR-IN-5 increases the levels of ROS, thus leading to potent antiproliferative effects. TrxR-IN-5 exhibits prominent anticacer and anti-metastasis effects.
    TrxR-IN-5
  • HY-130413
    Protectin D1
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    Protectin D1, a neuroprotectin D1 produced by neuronal cells, is a member of a newly discovered family of bioactive products derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 also serves as a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exhibiting effective in vivo pro-resolving activity in various human disease models. Additionally, Protectin D1 is an inhibitor of NALP3 inflammasomes and regulates the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α signaling pathways. Protectin D1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting the expression of NALP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and consequently decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, Protectin D1 enhances miRNA-210 expression, activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and exerts cardioprotective effects. Protectin D1 holds promise for research in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory disorders.
    Protectin D1
  • HY-N2067
    Vanillyl alcohol
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    Vanillyl alcohol (p-(Hydroxymethyl)guaiacol) is an orally active phenolic alcohol. Vanillyl alcohol reduces ROS generation. suppresses Bax, increases Bcl-2. Vanillyl alcohol has anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and neuroprotective effects. Vanillyl alcohol is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages.
    Vanillyl alcohol
  • HY-B1106
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
  • HY-44178
    Diethyl butylmalonate
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC50-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    Diethyl butylmalonate
  • HY-N3242
    Moronic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.6%
    Moronic Acid is a triterpenoid compound, which is an orally available anti-HIV agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Moronic Acid can inhibit viral replication, with an EC50 value of <1 μg/mL. Moronic Acid can be isolated from Brazilian propolis.
    Moronic acid
  • HY-N0683A
    rel-α-Vitamin E
    		Inhibitor
    rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture.
    rel-α-Vitamin E
  • HY-N10093
    Chamaejasmine
    		Inducer 98.17%
    Chamaejasmine is a biflavonoid that can be isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Chamaejasmine has antitumor activity. Chamaejasmine induces cell apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production, and activates the activity of AMPK/mTOR signal pathway.
    Chamaejasmine
  • HY-B2046
    Simazine
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine
  • HY-N8407
    Carminic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Carminic acid is a widely used and orally active natural red pigment that can be used in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, carminic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Carminic acid
  • HY-W019806
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development.
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
  • HY-108992
    Deoxynyboquinone
    		Inducer 99.21%
    Deoxynyboquinone, an excellent NQO1 substrate, is a potent antineoplastic agent. Deoxynyboquinone induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Deoxynyboquinone kills cancer cells through oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation.
    Deoxynyboquinone
  • HY-N2440
    Gypenoside A
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Gypenoside A is an orally active triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside A has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Gypenoside A also has a certain protective effect on cardiomyocytes and can inhibit apoptosis. Gypenoside A can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation-related diseases.
    Gypenoside A
  • HY-B2239
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate
    		98.93%
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate is a lipophilic flavin derivative with antioxidative and lipid peroxide-removing activity.
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate
  • HY-W013507
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate
    		Inducer 99.37%
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate
  • HY-B1978
    Iprodione
    		Activator 99.25%
    Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats.
    Iprodione
  • HY-N1980
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin is an isoflavone isolated from the roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. 3'-Hydroxypuerarin is a antioxidant, which shows marked ONOO(-), NO•, total ROS scavenging activities.
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity