2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0004
    Doxofylline
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Doxofylline is an orally active PDE IV inhibitor and A1AR antagonist. Doxofylline reduces inflammation in epithelial cells via inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production and amelioration of multiple cellular pathways (NLRP3-TXNIP inflammasome activation). Doxophylline can be used in studies of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchospasm.
    Doxofylline
  • HY-13722
    HPPH
    		99.74%
    HPPH (Photochlor) is a second generation photosensitizer, which acts as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.
    HPPH
  • HY-P1845
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat
    		Inducer 99.98%
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat is a PAC1 receptor activator and increases the α-secretase activity. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat elevates cytosolic Ca2+, increases proliferation and increases phosphorylation of extracellular regulates kinase (ERK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat can be used for neurotrophic and neuroprotective research.
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat
  • HY-B0774
    Seratrodast
    		Inhibitor 98.86%
    Seratrodast (AA 2414), an orally active antiasthmatic agent, is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) antagonist and ferroptosis inhibitor. Seratrodast reduces lipid ROS production, modulates the systemic xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis, and inhibits JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression. Seratrodast exhibits anti-asthmatic and anti-epileptic activity.
    Seratrodast
  • HY-N0310
    Soyasaponin Bb
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    Soyasaponin Bb is an orally active, covalent inducer of heme oxygenase HO-1 and an inhibitor of aldose reductase AKR1B1. Soyasaponin Bb can regulate oxidative stress pathways, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Soyasaponin Bb improves alcohol-induced hepatocyte membrane damage and liver function abnormalities, and improves Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment. Soyasaponin Bb has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities.
    Soyasaponin Bb
  • HY-77813
    Benzyl isothiocyanate
    		99.62%
    Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia.
    Benzyl isothiocyanate
  • HY-P10004
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
    		Inhibitor 98.14%
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor. By binding to the active site of granzyme B, Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK blocks its proteolytic function. Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
  • HY-N6018
    Beta-Eudesmol
    		Activator 99.49%
    Beta-Eudesmol has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Beta-Eudesmol can induce apoptosis. Beta-Eudesmol is a neostigmine antagonist. Beta-Eudesmol can antagonize neostigmine-induced neuromuscular failure. Beta-Eudesmol can be used in the study of sepsis diseases. Beta-Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene-like compound that can be extracted from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea.
    Beta-Eudesmol
  • HY-W012575
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a degradation product of acid cherry anthocyanins during in vitro cell culture and an analogue of coenzyme Q precursor molecules. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can improve the related symptoms of kidney diseases caused by ADCK4/Coq6 deficiency.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
  • HY-N0733
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
    		≥98.0%
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
  • HY-D0187S
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N
    		99.90%
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-N0061
    Ethyl ferulate
    		99.89%
    Ethyl ferulate, a naturally lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid originally derived from Rhizoma Chuanxiong, induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress. Ethyl ferulate also protects neurons against amyloid β peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.
    Ethyl ferulate
  • HY-Y0319G
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
    		Activator 99.47%
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate regulates energy metabolism. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
  • HY-128741
    D-Allose
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose
  • HY-N7000
    Perillyl alcohol
    		Inhibitor
    Perillyl alcohol is an orally active monoterpene. Perillyl alcohol exhibits multiple activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-nociceptive effects. Perillyl alcohol can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells.
    Perillyl alcohol
  • HY-B0455
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (NY-198 hydrochloride) is an orally active difluoroquinolone antibiotic. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride prevents DNA supercoiling and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride induces ROS production and Apoptosis. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has anticancer effects against melanoma. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the study of systemic bacterial infections (such as Salmonella typhimurium infections), skin and melanoma .
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride
  • HY-N1458
    Isoschaftoside
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit the growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Isoschaftoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces proliferation in senescent cells. Isoschaftoside activates autophagy. Isoschaftoside can be used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nematicidal study.
    Isoschaftoside
  • HY-Y1819
    2-Acetonaphthone
    		Activator 99.92%
    2-Acetonaphthone is a synthetic fragrance material. 2-Acetonaphthone increases ROS under UVA/sunlight, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used as an adulterant in a variety of cosmetics. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used for the study of skin keratinization
    2-Acetonaphthone
  • HY-N7106
    Dimethyl phthalate
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate
  • HY-101859
    NucPE1
    		≥98.0%
    NucPE1 (Nuclear Peroxy Emerald 1) is a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide that is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.
    NucPE1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity