2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2410
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (N-feruloyltyramine), an alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine improves H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation and decreases apoptosis. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine has the potential for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative conditions and cancer research.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
  • HY-119502
    Camalexin
    		Activator 99.70%
    Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    Camalexin
  • HY-N1916
    Coniferyl ferulate
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
    Coniferyl ferulate
  • HY-10498
    Lexibulin
    		Activator 99.10%
    Lexibulin (CYT-997) is a potent and orally active tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50s of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo. Lexibulin induces cell apoptosis and induces mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells.
    Lexibulin
  • HY-130015
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
    		98.99%
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical (Ex/Em = 509/534 nm).
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
  • HY-16739
    Emeramide
    		99.74%
    Emeramide is a thiol-redox antioxidant and heavy metal chelator.
    Emeramide
  • HY-D1157
    HKPerox-2
    		99.79%
    HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively.
    HKPerox-2
  • HY-N0726
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
    		Activator 99.02%
    Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product that can be obtained from the natural active molecule Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation, upregulates p53 expression, activates caspase, produces ROS, and promotes Apoptosis. Dracorhodin perchlorate regulates the TLR4. Dracorhodin perchlorate promotes wound healing, improves diabetes. Dracorhodin perchlorate has anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and other cancers.
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
  • HY-B0543
    Allylthiourea
    		99.95%
    Allylthiourea can selectively inhibit the oxidation of ammonia. Allylthiourea is commonly used to inhibit nitrification by targeting ammonia monooxygenase and chelating copper in the active site to suppress its activity. Allylthiourea also exhibits anticancer activity, showing cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 5.22 mM. Allylthiourea can be utilized in research related to micropollutant biodegradability and cancer studies.
    Allylthiourea
  • HY-N0754
    Eupalinolide A
    		Activator 99.92%
    Eupalinolide A is a Yes-associated protein (YAP) degrader and HSP70 inducer. Eupalinolide A inhibits osteogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). Eupalinolide A induces autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activating the ROS/ERK signaling pathway. Eupalinolide A protects PAM212 cells from UVB-, Menadione (HY-B0332)-, or heat shock-induced apoptosis. Eupalinolide A alleviates trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) of Achilles tendon and inhibits growth of MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumors in mice. Eupalinolide A can be used for the study of traumatic heterotopic ossification of tendons and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Eupalinolide A
  • HY-19696B
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
  • HY-N3460
    Isorhoifolin
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Isorhoifolin is a flavonoid glycoside from Hemistepta lyrata. Isorhoifolin displays an anti-leakage effect.
    Isorhoifolin
  • HY-Y1819
    2-Acetonaphthone
    		Activator 99.95%
    2-Acetonaphthone is a synthetic fragrance material. 2-Acetonaphthone increases ROS under UVA/sunlight, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used as an adulterant in a variety of cosmetics. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used for the study of skin keratinization
    2-Acetonaphthone
  • HY-N1181
    Tamarixetin
    		Inhibitor 98.80%
    Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is an orally active natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin and caseinolytic protease p (ClpP) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Tamarixetin inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ClpP to the fluorescent substrate Suc-LY-AMC with an IC50 of 49.73 μM, which can be used for the study of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Tamarixetin inhibits tumor cell growth, induces apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Tamarixetin prevents cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the NFAT and AKT pathways.
    Tamarixetin
  • HY-121134
    Decylubiquinone
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Decylubiquinone is an analog of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10). Decylubiquinone blocks reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to glutathione depletion and inhibits activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition.
    Decylubiquinone
  • HY-B0849
    Azoxystrobin
    		Activator 99.03%
    Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin
  • HY-N1354
    Reynoutrin
    Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity.
    Reynoutrin
  • HY-Y0319G
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
    		Activator 99.47%
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate regulates energy metabolism. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.
    Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
  • HY-B2068
    Iron sucrose
    		Activator
    Iron sucrose (Iron saccharate) is a intravenous iron preparation and a pro-oxidant agent. Iron sucrose has the potential for iron deficiency anemia treatment.
    Iron sucrose
  • HY-Y1881A
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99.9%
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% is a biochemical reagent. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% reduces the production of ROS and the expression levels of MyD88 as well as c-Rel genes. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% decreases the activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH, increases the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% is cytotoxic to various cells. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% has antioxidant activity. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99% can be used in the research of diabetes, Parkinson's disease and DMBA (HY-W011845)-induced tumors.
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, 99.9%
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity