2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14806A
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide
  • HY-N0692
    Schisandrol B
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Schisandrol B (Gomisin-A) is a major active constituent of Schisandra chinensis with hepato-protective effects. Schisandrol B inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Schisandrol B inhibits the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A and also has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.
    Schisandrol B
  • HY-B0766
    Bicyclol
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Bicyclol (SY801) is an orally active derivative of the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, which has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-steatosis, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor activities. Bicyclol regulates the expression of heat shock proteins and plays an anti-apoptosis role in hepatocytes. Bicyclol reduces the activation of NF-κB and the levels of inflammatory factors in hepatocytes infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) by inhibiting the activation of the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB pathway, and prevents ferroptosis in acute liver injury. Bicyclol can change the expression of Mdr-1, GSH/GST and Bcl-2, increase the intracellular concentration of anticancer drugs, and sensitize drug-resistant cells to anticancer drugs. Bicyclol inhibits the proliferation of human malignant hepatoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Bicyclol can be used in the study of chronic hepatitis, acute liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Bicyclol
  • HY-124410
    Mitoquinol
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs.
    Mitoquinol
  • HY-N2011
    Octyl gallate
    		99.53%
    Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property. Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus.
    Octyl gallate
  • HY-W011689
    6PPD
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    6PPD is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges ozone, forming nitroxyl radicals. 6PPD exposure decreases hatchability, lowered autonomous movement, reduces body length in zebrafish embryos and causes deformities. 6PPD also produces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
    6PPD
  • HY-N2522
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium
    		Activator 99.57%
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium
  • HY-N0515
    Ophiopogonin D
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Ophiopogonin D can be isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside. Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D can inhibit isteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Ophiopogonin D has protective effect as an antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D blocks ERK signaling cascades. Ophiopogonin D alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and changes the structure of gut microbiota in mice. Ophiopogonin D has been used against inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
    Ophiopogonin D
  • HY-W040143
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
    		99.22%
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein is an important fluorescent product in the detection of oxidative stress and can be used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex=503 nm and Em=523 nm).
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
  • HY-12542A
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate
  • HY-B1960
    Canthaxanthin
    		≥99.0%
    Canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid with various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor properties.
    Canthaxanthin
  • HY-P5381
    gp91 ds-tat
    		Inhibitor 98.27%
    gp91 ds-tat, a biological active peptide, is a NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibitor. gp91 ds-tat blocks NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. gp91 ds-tat ameliorates high glucose-induced increase in total ROS, LPOs and iron levels. gp91 ds-tat inhibits homocysteine (Hcy)-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and restores Hcy-inhibited lysosomal TRPML1 channel activity. gp91 ds-tat improves cerebrovascular and cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. gp91 ds-tat can be used for the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), glomerular inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
    gp91 ds-tat
  • HY-W015913S
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3
    		Inhibitor 99.7%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0226A
    Epiberberine chloride
    		99.02%
    Epiberberine chloride is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, acts as a potent AChE and BChE inhibitor, and a non-competitive BACE1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.07, 6.03 and 8.55 μM, respectively. Epiberberine chloride has antioxidant activity, with peroxynitrite ONOO- scavenging effect (IC50, 16.83 μM), and may protect against Alzheimer disease. Epiberberine chloride inhibits the early stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, downregulates the Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways. Epiberberine has the potential effect in the research of diabetic disease.
    Epiberberine chloride
  • HY-126861
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
    		99.70%
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine is an effective internal triplet photosensitizer in DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine could act as a new hot spot in DNA photodamage.
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
  • HY-13755A
    (R)-Sulforaphane
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    (R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a orally active, potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. (R)-Sulforaphane primarily functions by upregulating phase II detoxifying enzymes in cells, aiding in the removal of carcinogens and combating oxidative stress. (R)-Sulforaphane is capable of modulating gene expression, influencing various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. (R)-Sulforaphane can be used in studies of tumor biology, antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as inflammation and immune responses.
    (R)-Sulforaphane
  • HY-D1159
    HKOH-1r
    		98.43%
    HKOH-1r is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of ·OH in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 500 nm and 520 nm, respectively.
    HKOH-1r
  • HY-B0612A
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
  • HY-N4187
    Licochalcone D
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Licochalcone D, a flavonoid compound mainly existing in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Licochalcone D possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties.
    Licochalcone D
  • HY-148510
    HKB99
    		Inducer
    HKB99 is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1). HKB99 induces apoptosis. HKB99 inhibits the formation of invasive pseudopodia and inhibits migration. HKB99 increases the oxidative stress, activates JNK/c-Jun and suppresses AKT and ERK. HKB99 can be used for the research of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    HKB99
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity