2. Signaling Pathways
  3. NF-κB
  4. NF-κB

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB

Related Products

PDF 4.06 MB

NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. There are five proteins in the mammalian NF-κB family: NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB, c-Rel.

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-126741R
    Azadirachtin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Azadirachtin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azadirachtin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azadirachtin, one of the most promising botanical insecticides, is widely used for pest control. Azadirachtin induces apoptosis in insect cell lines, including Sf9, SL-1 and BTI-Tn-5B1-4.
    Azadirachtin (Standard)
  • HY-162649
    TIC10g
    		Inhibitor
    TIC10g is a dual inhibitor for toll-like receptor 7 and 9 (TLR7 and TLR9), which inhibits TLR7 and TLR9 mediated TNF-α release in mouse macrophages (IC50 is 14.5 μM and 6.5 μM) and human B lymphocytes (IC50 is 7.69 μM and 11.5 μM). TIC10g inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity against systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis .
    TIC10g
  • HY-N10458
    Asperbisabolane L
    		Inhibitor
    Asperbisabolane L, a sesquiterpenoid, exerts the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the NF-κB-activated pathway. Asperbisabolane L inhibits the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to the nucleus. Asperbisabolane L also inhibits NO production in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia cells.
    Asperbisabolane L
  • HY-126047B
    (R)-(+)-Anatabine
    		Inhibitor
    (R)-(+)-Anatabine is an less active R-enantiomer of Anatabine. Anatabine is a potent α4β2 nAChR agonist. Anatabine inhibits NF-κB activation lower amyloid-β (Aβ) production by preventing the β-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Anatabine has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for neurodegenerative disorders treatment.
    (R)-(+)-Anatabine
  • HY-N0822R
    Shikonin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Shikonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Shikonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.
    Shikonin (Standard)
  • HY-147770
    NF-κB-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    NF-κB-IN-6 (Compound 3d) is an anti-inflammatory agent through the mechanism of decreasing the protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB-IN-6 inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 of 23.1 μM.
    NF-κB-IN-6
  • HY-163888
    NO-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NO-IN-1 (Compound 7a) inhibits the production of NO (IC50 = 3.13 μΜ). NO-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects. NO-IN-1 downregulates the expression of COX-2 and iNOS by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
    NO-IN-1
  • HY-N12767
    Salixteroside D
    		Inhibitor
    Salixteroside D is a salicin derivative, that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
    Salixteroside D
  • HY-B1640A
    Ethacrynic acid sodium
    Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid sodium) sodium is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid sodium is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid sodium is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid sodium also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid sodium has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice.
    Ethacrynic acid sodium
  • HY-N3552
    Catalposide
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Catalposide, an iridoid glycoside that could be isolated from Catalpa ovate G. Don (Bignoniaceae), inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 productions and NF-κB (p65) activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
    Catalposide
  • HY-147682
    NF-κB-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    NF-κB-IN-5 (compound 4d) is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor by interacting directly with NF-κB. NF-κB-IN-5 shows antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines (HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823, PC9), with IC50 values of 5.35, 2.81, 2.83, 2.02 and 3.90 μM, respectively. NF-κB-IN-5 induces apoptosis in U87-MG tumor cell and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase.
    NF-κB-IN-5
  • HY-P11214
    Hydrostatin-TL1
    		Inhibitor
    Hydrostatin-TL1 (H-TL1), a nine-amino-acid peptide, is a TNF-α antagonist. Hydrostatin-TL1 can be isolated from the venom gland of sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus. H-TL1 competitively inhibits the interaction between TNF-α/TNFR1 and attenuates the cytotoxicity and inflammation of TNF-α. Hydrostatin-TL1 can be used for TNF-α-associated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research.
    Hydrostatin-TL1
  • HY-N1490R
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is an analogue of Andrographolide. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide inhibits NF-κB activation.
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (Standard)
  • HY-14592R
    Tectochrysin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tectochrysin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tectochrysin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tectochrysin (Techtochrysin) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin inhibits activity of NF-κB.
    Tectochrysin (Standard)
  • HY-164813
    oxLig-1
    		Activator
    oxLig-1 (7-Ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate) is the lipid moiety of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and is a key ligand for β-glycoprotein I (β(2)-GPI). oxLig-1 causes nuclear translocation by activating the NF-κB pathway. oxLig-1 can be used in the study of atherosclerosis (AS).
    oxLig-1
  • HY-N6607R
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tryptanthrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tryptanthrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α.
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
  • HY-176061
    NIK ligand 1
    		Ligand
    NIK ligand 1 (compound 2) is a NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) ligand.
    NIK ligand 1
  • HY-168567
    RIPK2-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    RIPK2-IN-6 (Compound 15a) is an inhibitor for RIPK, that inhibits the phosphorylation of RIPK2, and thus inhibits the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. RIPK2-IN-6 exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in Dextran sodium sulfate (HY-116282C)-induced mice colitis models.
    RIPK2-IN-6
  • HY-169703
    SPA0355
    		Inhibitor
    SPA0355 is a thiourea derivative that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SPA0355 inhibits the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) induced osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. SPA0355 also suppresses the activation of the MAPKs, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Additionally, SPA0355 promotes osteoblast differentiation, increases alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances mineral nodule formation. SPA0355 can protect ovariectomized mice from bone loss by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast resorption, making it useful for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    SPA0355
  • HY-B0380S2
    Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Trimebutine hydrochloride. Trimebutine hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine hydrochloride inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine hydrochloride also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine hydrochloride also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine hydrochloride also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Trimebutine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download NF-κB Signaling Pathway Map.

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways[1]. 

 

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

 

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB[2][3].

 

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034. 
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

Your Search Returned No Results.

Sorry. There is currently no product that acts on isoform together.

Please try each isoform separately.