2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Metabolite results when a drug is metabolized into a modified form which continues to produce effects. A metabolome in a given body fluid is influenced by endogenous factors such as age, sex, body composition and genetics as well as underlying pathologies.The levels of the enormous array of unique small-molecule metabolites are usually kept tightly regulated by the activity of a very large array of enzymes and transporters responsible for the production, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalization of these small molecules.The levels of the endogenous small molecules present in the brain are normally tightly regulated.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0157A
    Ketotifen fumarate
    		99.88%
    Ketotifen (HC 20-511) fumarate is an orally active second-generation noncompetitive histamine 1 (H1) receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Ketotifen fumarate can block 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in vitro. Ketotifen fumarate also has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza virus. Ketotifen fumarate can be used to the research of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and asthma attack prevention.
    Ketotifen fumarate
  • HY-D0187R
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
  • HY-17038
    Agomelatine
    		99.55%
    Agomelatine (S-20098) is a specific agonist of MT1 and MT2 receptors with Kis of 0.1, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.27 nM for CHO-hMT1, HEK-hMT1, CHO-hMT2, and HEK-hMT2, respectively. Agomelatine is a selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist with pKis of 6.4 and 6.2 at native (porcine) and cloned, human 5-HT2C receptors, respectively.
    Agomelatine
  • HY-N2406
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
    		99.65%
    Dihydrocaffeic acid is a microbial metabolite of flavonoids. Dihydrocaffeic acid scavenges intracellular ROS and increases nitric oxide synthase activity. Dihydrocaffeic acid reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Dihydrocaffeic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage degradation activities.
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
  • HY-W008820
    Glutaric acid
    		98.44%
    Glutaric acid, C5 dicarboxylic acid, is an intermediate during the catabolic pathways of lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid affects pericyte contractility and migration. Glutaric acid is an indicator of glutaric aciduria type I.
    Glutaric acid
  • HY-Y0202
    Pyrocatechuic acid
    		99.59%
    Pyrocatechuic acid is a normal human benzoic acid metabolite found in plasma, and has increased levels after aspirin ingestion.
    Pyrocatechuic acid
  • HY-N0390S
    L-Glutamine-15N
    		99.6%
    L-Glutamine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.
    L-Glutamine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-113054
    DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
    DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a potent inhibitor of the growth of E. coli. DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of the acyltransferase.
    DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  • HY-W016784
    Indole-3-acetamide
    		99.95%
    Indole-3-acetamide is a biosynthesis intermediate of 3-Indoleacetic acid (HY-18569). Indole-3-acetic acid is the most common natural plant growth hormone of the auxin class.
    Indole-3-acetamide
  • HY-13771A
    Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium
    		99.06%
    Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) sodium is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active.
    Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium
  • HY-P3004
    Endo-1,3-β-glucanase
    Endo-1,3-β-glucanase (Lyticase) is an endoenzyme that can specifically cleave β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. Endo-1,3-β-glucanase recognizes and binds to β-1,3-glucan chains, catalyzing the cleavage of glycosidic bonds and hydrolyzing polysaccharides into oligosaccharides. Endo-1,3-β-glucanase eliminates vaginal Candida. Endo-1,3-β-glucanase can be used in the study of recurrent Candida vaginitis.
    Endo-1,3-β-glucanase
  • HY-N2464
    Maltotetraose
    		99.88%
    Maltotetraose can serve as a substrate for enzyme-linked assays to measure amylase activity in biological fluids. Maltotetraose has oral active, and reduces TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activity and decreasing ICAM-1 expression. Maltotetraose also inhibits PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and neovascularization. Additionally, Maltotetraose derivatives can function as probes for detecting bacterial infections by targeting the maltodextrin transporter. With good long-term safety, Maltotetraose holds promise for research in atherosclerosis-related diseases.
    Maltotetraose
  • HY-77490A
    1,3-Butanediol
    		98.0%
    1,3-Butanediol, an orally active ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol administeration can stimulate the biosynthesis of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). 1,3-Butanediol has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.
    1,3-Butanediol
  • HY-W012980
    Isovaleric acid
    		≥98.0%
    Isovaleric acid is an oral active short-chain fatty acid that inhibits osteoclast differentiation by stimulating AMPK phosphorylation and promotes colonic smooth muscle relaxation by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. Isovaleric acid can be used in research on skeletal diseases (such as osteoporosis) and intestinal disorders.
    Isovaleric acid
  • HY-108694
    γ-Tocotrienol
    		99.73%
    γ-Tocotrienol is an active form of vitamin E. γ-tocotrienol reverses the multidrug resistance (MDR) of breast cancer cells through the signaling pathway of NF-κB and P-gp. γ-Tocotrienol is also a novel radioprotector agent, can mitigate bone marrow radiation damage during targeted radionuclide treatment.
    γ-Tocotrienol
  • HY-W013636S
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5
    		99.1%
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5) is a 13C labeled 2-Ketoglutaric acid (HY-W013636). 2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM).
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W013242
    Gondoic acid
    Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts. Gondoic acid can exert anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of ROS and the PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Gondoic acid can be used as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic creams.
    Gondoic acid
  • HY-N0390R
    L-Glutamine (Standard)
    L-Glutamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.
    L-Glutamine (Standard)
  • HY-W001160
    5-Hydroxyindole
    		99.94%
    5-Hydroxyindole is an orally active hydroxylated indole and tryptophan metabolite. 5-Hydroxyindole activates α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and acts on intestinal L-type calcium channels. 5-Hydroxyindole slows down the desensitization of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated ion currents in cells. 5-Hydroxyindole causes convulsions and loss of consciousness. 5-Hydroxyindole is used in the study of neuroblastoma, schizophrenia, and diseases related to intestinal motility disorders.
    5-Hydroxyindole
  • HY-D0889
    Glycylglycine
    		99.90%
    Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis).
    Glycylglycine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity