2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Metabolite results when a drug is metabolized into a modified form which continues to produce effects. A metabolome in a given body fluid is influenced by endogenous factors such as age, sex, body composition and genetics as well as underlying pathologies.The levels of the enormous array of unique small-molecule metabolites are usually kept tightly regulated by the activity of a very large array of enzymes and transporters responsible for the production, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalization of these small molecules.The levels of the endogenous small molecules present in the brain are normally tightly regulated.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B2233B
    Phosphorylcholine
    		98.0%
    Phosphatidylcholine is the main phospholipid component in eukaryotic biofilms. Phosphatidylcholine exists in commensal or pathogenic bacteria associated with eukaryotes in prokaryotes. Phosphorylcholine exhibits a surprising range of immunomodulatory properties.
    Phosphorylcholine
  • HY-N0153
    Naringin
    		99.65%
    Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Naringin also inhibits proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1).
    Naringin
  • HY-B1247
    Protoporphyrin IX
    		98.46%
    Protoporphyrin IX is a final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which acts as a radiation sensitizer enhancing ROS generation even in a hypoxic state and inducing DNA damage. Protoporphyrin IX also acts as a photo sensitizer undergoing photobleaching that occurs through direct degradation by light irradiation. Protoporphyrin IX is formed and accumulated following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (HY-W000450) administration in the tumor cells of rats. Protoporphyrin IX causes selective improvement of basal cell carcinoma when activated red fluorescence of a peak wavelength at 405 nm. Protoporphyrin IX is promising for research of sonodynamic and photodynamic agents for a wide range of cancers, such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma.
    Protoporphyrin IX
  • HY-10529
    Betulinic acid
    		99.06%
    Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.
    Betulinic acid
  • HY-107377
    Benzo[a]pyrene
    		99.97%
    Benzo[a]pyrene shows lung carcinogenicity in animal models, and it is frequently used in chemoprevention studies.
    Benzo[a]pyrene
  • HY-N0684
    Vitamin K1
    		98.60%
    Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism.
    Vitamin K1
  • HY-112537
    D-Glucose 6-phosphate
    		99.90%
    D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.
    D-Glucose 6-phosphate
  • HY-N0832
    L-Histidine
    		99.97%
    L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.
    L-Histidine
  • HY-100354
    C16-Ceramide
    		≥99.0%
    C16-Ceramide is a natural small molecule activating p53 through the direct and selective binding.
    C16-Ceramide
  • HY-W014666
    Xanthurenic acid
    		99.45%
    Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.
    Xanthurenic acid
  • HY-B0809
    Theophylline
    		99.94%
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline
  • HY-B0199
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    		99.83%
    Mycophenolate mofetil (RS 61443) is the morpholinoethylester proagent of Mycophenolic acid. Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits de novo purine synthesis via the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Mycophenolate mofetil shows selective lymphocyte antiproliferative effects involve both T and B cells, preventing antibody formation.
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
  • HY-N0473
    L-Tyrosine
    		98.73%
    L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.
    L-Tyrosine
  • HY-12326A
    c-di-AMP disodium
    		99.14%
    c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) sodium is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP sodium is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP sodium acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses.
    c-di-AMP disodium
  • HY-113402
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine), a dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, is a precursor to glutathione (GSH). Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to increase GSH levels.
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine
  • HY-W008253
    5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid
    		99.35%
    5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is the main metabolite of serotonin or metanephrines, which can be used as a biomarker of neuroendocrine tumors.
    5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid
  • HY-N2041
    Myristic acid
    		99.88%
    Myristic acid is an orally active saturated 14-carbon fatty acid found in most animal and plant fats, especially milk fat coconut oil, palm oil and nutmeg oil. Myristic acid exerts anti-inflammatory activity through the NF-κB pathway. Myristic acid has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
    Myristic acid
  • HY-N0131
    Stigmasterol
    		98.48%
    Stigmasterol is an orally acitve, immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect, as well as able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Stigmasterol activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Stigmasterol regulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia through the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing neuropathic pain. Stigmasterol can be used for neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and pain management, among others.
    Stigmasterol
  • HY-I0400
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid
    		99.95%
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NANA; Lactaminic acid), a nonphenolic structure, is the predominant form of sialic from Collocalia esculenta. N-Acetylneuraminic acid plays a biological role in myocardial injury, melanoma and viral or bacterial infection. N-Acetylneuraminic acid inhibits melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and triggers myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo by activation of the Rho/Rho-associated signaling pathway through binding to RhoA and Cdc42. N-Acetylneuraminic acid may prevent high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby prevents hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is promising for research in the field of melanoma, coronary artery, obesity-related diseases and hyperlipidemia.
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid
  • HY-N0287
    Lycopene
    		99.70%
    Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.
    Lycopene
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity