2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-163369
    HDAC6-IN-35
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-35 (compound C4 (ZINC000077541942)) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor with the IC50 of 4.7 μM. HDAC6-IN-35 shows cell toxicity against MDA-MB-231 with EC50 of 40.6 μM.
    HDAC6-IN-35
  • HY-155328
    GK444
    		Inhibitor
    GK444 (Compound 15a) is a HDAC1/2 inhibitor (IC50: 100 and 92 nM for HDAC1/2 respectively). GK444 inhibits Caco-2 cells with IC50 of 4.1 μM. GK444 also reduces TGF-β1 induced COL1A1 mRNA levels in primary normal human lung fibroblasts. GK444 inhibits Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced lung fibrosis in mice.
    GK444
  • HY-147966
    HDAC-IN-43
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-43 is a potent HDAC 1/3/6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 82, 45, and 24 nM, respectively. HDAC-IN-43 is a weak PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with IC50 values of 3.6 and 3.7 μM, respectively. HDAC-IN-43 shows broad anti-proliferative activity .
    HDAC-IN-43
  • HY-172873
    HDSI-18
    		Inhibitor
    HDSI-18 is an orally active HDAC6 selective inhibitor (IC50: 1.6 nM). HDSI-18 is cytotoxic to K562, MV4-11, MOLM-13, THP-1, and Jurkat cells (IC50: 0.48, 0.58, 0.91, 1.79, and 4.31 μM, respectively). HDSI-18 activates Caspase-3, induces mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis, and has antitumor activity.
    HDSI-18
  • HY-150500
    HDAC-IN-44
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-44 is a HDAC inhibitor with the IC50 value of 61.2 nM.
    HDAC-IN-44 shows high anticancer activity towards multiple cancer cell lines.
    HDAC-IN-44
  • HY-RS06063
    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac10 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-168175
    PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-2
    		Degrader
    PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-2 (compound 32a) is a degrader of HDAC8 with a DC50 of 8.9 nM and HDAC6 with a DC50 of 14.3 nM. PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-2 is composed of PROTAC target protein ligand HDAC8 ligand 1 (HY-168176) (red part), E3 ligase ligand Thalidomide-4-OH (HY-103596) (blue part) and PROTAC Linker 1,5-Diaminopentane (HY-W540541) (black part), among which the conjugate of E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand + Linker is Thalidomide-NH-C5-NH2 (HY-134986).
    PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-2
  • HY-168287
    HDAC3/8 ligand-1
    HDAC3/8 ligand-1 (compound 40) is a ligand for target protein for PROTAC that can be used in the synthesis of YX968 (HY-164233).
    HDAC3/8 ligand-1
  • HY-157314
    HDAC6-IN-27
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-27 (compound 8C) is a HDAC inhibitor with IC50 vales of 15.9 nM 136.5 nM and 6180.2 nM for HDAC6, HDAC8 and HDAC1, respectively. HDAC6-IN-27 shows potent antiparasitic effects.
    HDAC6-IN-27
  • HY-149370
    HDAC-IN-60
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-60 (compound 21a) is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC-IN-60 can promote the intracellular generation of ROS, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis.
    HDAC-IN-60
  • HY-152226
    MC2590
    		Inhibitor 98.71%
    MC2590 is a potent pyridine-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. MC2590 is a inhibitor of HDAC1-3, -6, -8, and -10 (class I/IIb-selective inhibitor) with IC50s of 0.015 μM-0.156 μM. MC2590 also inhibits HDAC isoforms HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC9, HDAC11 with IC50s of 1.35 μM-3.98 μM. MC2625 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and modulates pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs towards apoptosis induction.
    MC2590
  • HY-157216
    HDAC1 Degrader-1
    		Degrader
    HDAC1 Degrader-1 (compound 1a) is an HDAC1 degrader with anticancer activity. HDAC1 Degrader-1 significantly reduces HDAC1 levels in MM.1S multiple myeloma cells.
    HDAC1 Degrader-1
  • HY-157295
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-3 (36) is a PI3K and HDAC dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.23 nM and 172 nM for PI3Kα and HDAC1, respectively. PI3K/HDAC-IN-3 (36) suppresses AKT phosphorylation and increased H3 acetylation in MV4-11 cells. PI3K/HDAC-IN-3 (36) exhibits significant and dose-dependent anticancer efficacy in a MV4-11 xenograft model.
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-P2228
    Chlamydocin
    		Inhibitor
    Chlamydocin, a fungal metabolite, is a highly potent HDAC inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. Chlamydocin exhibits potent antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Chlamydocin induces apoptosis by activating caspase-3.
    Chlamydocin
  • HY-156091
    PI3Kα/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PI3Kα/HDAC6-IN-1 (compound 21j) is a dual PI3Kα/HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 2.9 and 26 nM, respectively. PI3Kα/HDAC6-IN-1 also inhibits AKT(Ser473) phosphorylation and induces the accumulation of acetylated α-tubulin without affecting acetylated histones H3 and H4. PI3Kα/HDAC6-IN-1 efficiently inhibits L-363 cell line (IC50=0.17 μM) and has good anti-cancer activity.
    PI3Kα/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-P3242A
    Mad1 (6-21) TFA
    Mad1 (6-21) TFA is the 6-21 fragment of Mad1 protein. Mad1 (6-21) TFA binds to mammalian Sin3A PAH2 with a Kd of ~29 nM.
    Mad1 (6-21) TFA
  • HY-118352
    LB-205
    		Inhibitor
    LB-205 is a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). LB-205 can be used for the research of acute traumatic brain injury.
    LB-205
  • HY-170651
    CDK4/6/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CDK4/6/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound N14) is a dual-targeting inhibitor of CDK4/6 and HDAC (IC50: CDK4 = 7.23 nM, CDK6 = 13.20 nM, HDAC1 = 55.66 nM, HDAC6 = 48.38 nM). CDK4/6/HDAC-IN-1 induces cell Apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest through HDAC-p21-CDK signaling pathway. CDK4/6/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma.
    CDK4/6/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-146276
    CDK/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    CDK/HDAC-IN-2 is a potent HDAC/CDK dual inhibitor with IC50 of 6.4, 0.25, 45, >1000, 8.63, 0.30, >1000 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6,8, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4,6,7, respectively. CDK/HDAC-IN-2 shows excellent antiproliferative activities. CDK/HDAC-IN-2 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. CDK/HDAC-IN-2 shows potent antitumor efficacy.
    CDK/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-149859
    HDAC-IN-58
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-58 is a HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-58 has HDAC6-specific inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 2.06 nM. HDAC-IN-58 can be used for the research of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.
    HDAC-IN-58
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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