2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-162781
    HDAC1/6-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1/6-IN-2 (I-c4) is the inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC6, with the IC50s of 3.1 nM and 2.95 nM, respectively. HDAC1/6-IN-2 has antitumor activity.
    HDAC1/6-IN-2
  • HY-155179
    ZMF-23
    		Inhibitor
    ZMF-23 is a PAK1/HDAC6 dual inhibitor. ZMF-23 inhibits PAK1 and HDAC6 regulated aerobic glycolysis and migration. ZMF-23 induces TNF-α-regulated necroptosis, and further enhances apoptosis. ZMF-23 inhibits the Warburg effect and cell migration. ZMF-23 can be used for research of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    ZMF-23
  • HY-175030
    TNI-97
    		Inhibitor
    TNI-97 is a selective and orally active HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.2 nM. TNI-97 potently inhibited TNBC cell MDA-MB-453 growth and clonogenicity. TNI-97 induces PANoptosis including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in MDA-MB-453 cells. TNI-97 shows antitumor activity in the mice carrying the MDA-MB-453 xenograft or carrying murine-derived TNBC cell allografts. TNI-97 can be used for the study of triple-negative breast cancer.
    TNI-97
  • HY-150586
    PTG-0861
    		Inhibitor
    PTG-0861 is a selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor with the IC50 value of 5.92 nM. PTG-0861 induces apoptosis and can be used in the study of acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and other hematological cancers.
    PTG-0861
  • HY-144782
    HDAC10-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC10-IN-2 (compound 10c) is a potent and highly selective HDAC10 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 20 nM. HDAC10-IN-2 modulates autophagy in aggressive FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia cells.
    HDAC10-IN-2
  • HY-162769
    HDAC3-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3-IN-5 (9c) is a HDAC3 selective inhibitor, with IC50 values of 4.2 nM, 1629 nM and 298.2 nM for HDAC3, HDAC2, HDAC1, respectively. HDAC3-IN-5 (9c) can effectively induce apoptosisin MV4-11 cells in vitro and reduce the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, the development of HDAC3 selective inhibitors may serve as a potential lead compound to reverse Venetoclax resistance.
    HDAC3-IN-5
  • HY-168848
    KT32
    		Inhibitor
    KT32 (10c) is a potent dual inhibitor of HDAC and Topo II α. KT32 induces cell death through apoptosis.
    KT32
  • HY-156279
    HDAC6-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-22 (compound 30) is a inhibitor of HDAC6, with the IC50 of 4.63 nM. HDAC6-IN-22 has antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo towards multiple myeloma. HDAC6-IN-22 induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and promotes apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    HDAC6-IN-22
  • HY-172394
    ZSNI-21
    		Inhibitor
    ZSNI-21 is a dual inhibitor of ADAM17 and HDAC2. ZSNI-21 effectively inhibits the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells and demonstrates significant anti-metastatic capabilities against HCC-LM3 cells. ZSNI-21 is promising for research of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
    ZSNI-21
  • HY-139181
    NR160
    		Inhibitor
    NR160 is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 30 nM. NR160 shows low cytotoxicity against leukemia cell line. NR160 augments the apoptosis induction of Bortezomib (HY-10227) (proteasome inhibitor), Epirubicin (HY-13624) and Daunorubicin (HY-13062A) significantly.
    NR160
  • HY-P10462
    SAP15
    		Inhibitor
    SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide consisting of 15 amino acids designed from human beta-defensin 3. SAP15 has the ability to penetrate cells and is able to induce downregulation of intracellular inflammation. SAP15 inhibits inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5 and thereby reducing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In LPS-induced macrophages, SAP15 inhibits HDAC5 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In addition, SAP15 treatment increased the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen and decreased the expression of osteocalcin in LPS-induced chondrocytes. SAP15 can be used in the study of inflammation regulation and anti-inflammatory therapy of biomaterials.
    SAP15
  • HY-RS06059
    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac1 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-144332
    PHD2/HDACs-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PHD2/HDACs-IN-1 is a potent PHD2/HDACs hybrid inhibitor (IC50s of 1.15 μM, 19.75 μM, 26.60 μM and 15.98 μM for PHD2, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6, respectively). PHD2/HDACs-IN-1 is a low-toxicity renoprotective agent for research of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).
    PHD2/HDACs-IN-1
  • HY-10585B
    Valproic acid (sodium)(2:1)
    		Inhibitor
    Valproic acid (VPA) sodium (2:1) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium (2:1) is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid (sodium)(2:1)
  • HY-120046
    YF479
    YF479 is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase. YF479 abates cell viability, suppresses colony formation and tumor cell motility. YF479 significantly inhibits breast tumor growth and metastasis. YF479 has the potential for the research of clinical trials for breast cancer.
    YF479
  • HY-161854
    LASSBio-1911
    		Inhibitor
    LASSBio-1911 is a potent inhibitor of HDAC6. LASSBio-1911 shows antitumor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with minimal on normal cells.
    LASSBio-1911
  • HY-163359
    CYP17A1/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CYP17A1/HDAC6-IN-1 (compound 12) is a potent inhibitor of CYP17A1/HDAC6, with IC50 of 0.284μM and 0.6015 μM,respectively. CYP17A1/HDAC6-IN-1 has anti-tumor activity.
    CYP17A1/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-144098
    HDAC8-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-2 (compound 5o) is a potent HDAC8 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.27 and 0.32 μM for smHDAC8 (Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8) and hHDAC8, respectively. HDAC8-IN-2 shows significant killing of the schistosome larvae. HDAC8-IN-2 markedly impairs egg laying of adult worm pairs.
    HDAC8-IN-2
  • HY-RS06087
    HDAC8 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC8 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC8 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC8 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-116619
    (E/Z)-Dacinostat
    		Inhibitor
    (E/Z)-Dacinostat ((E/Z)-NVP-LAQ824) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has the ability to induce apoptosis and enhance the activity of fludarabine in killing leukemia cells. (E/Z)-Dacinostat can trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, enhance the killing effect of fludarabine on leukemia cells, and induce apoptosis. Its mechanism is related to the regulation of DNA repair processes and intracellular signaling pathways.
    (E/Z)-Dacinostat
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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