2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-161306
    ITF5924
    		Inhibitor
    ITF5924 (compound 1) is a potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.7 nM. ITF5924 shows greater than 104-fold selectivity for HDAC6 over all other HDAC subtypes. ITF5924 containing a difluoromethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (DFMO) moiety is slow-binding substrate analog of HDAC6 that undergo an enzyme-catalyzed ring opening reaction, forming a tight and long-lived enzyme-inhibitor complex.
    ITF5924
  • HY-168477
    HDAC1-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1-IN-8 (compound 5c) is a potent and selective HDAC1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.94, 22.95, >500 µM for HDAC1, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. HDAC1-IN-8 shows antiproliferative activity. HDAC1-IN-8 induces cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M. HDAC1-IN-8 induces autophagy. HDAC1-IN-8 shows anticancer activity and has the potential for the research of lung cancer.
    HDAC1-IN-8
  • HY-168508
    PB200
    		Inhibitor
    PB200 is an HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.97 nM. PB200 demonstrates significant antidepressant effects by restoring abnormal HDAC6 expression levels and alleviating neuroinflammation.
    PB200
  • HY-163920
    PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-1
    		Degrader
    Degrader-1 (compound Z16) is a potent and selective HDAC8 PROTAC degrader with an DC50 of 0.27 nM in A549 cells.
    PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-1
  • HY-117374
    HDAC3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3-IN-1 (compound 5) is a potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.96 nM.
    HDAC3-IN-1
  • HY-163806
    NT376
    		Inhibitor
    NT376 is a high potency and selectivity inhibitor of class-IIa Histone deacetylases (HDAC) with an IC50 value of 32 nM, similar to NT160 (HY-149285) (IC50= 46 nM) in HT-29 cells. NT376 is proming for research of various cancers and in the diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases.
    NT376
  • HY-10585S4
    Valproic acid-d4-1
    		Inhibitor
    Valproic acid-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-157481
    HDAC1-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1-IN-6 (compound 1) is an inhibitor of HDAC1 and 11, with an IC50 of 1.9 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively. HDAC1-IN-6 induces differentiation in AML cells.
    HDAC1-IN-6
  • HY-169439
    Temozolomide-amino hydrochloride
    Temozolomide-amino hydrochloride (compound 8) is an activity control for the target protein ligand of Naph-Se-TMZ (HY-169433).
    Temozolomide-amino hydrochloride
  • HY-172360
    HDAC6 ligand-3
    		Ligand
    HDAC6 ligand-3 is a ligand for HDAC6 that can be used as target protein ligand for synthesis of PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 4 (HY-172359).
    HDAC6 ligand-3
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-156444
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 (compound 8e) is a dual CDK7 and HDAC1 inhibitor with IC50s of 893 nM and 248 nM, respectively. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 inhibits the growth cells of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, and HCT-116 cancer cells. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, as well as hindered the migration of HCT-116 cells.
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
  • HY-174803
    WMJ-J-09
    		Inhibitor
    WMJ-J-09 is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 7.5 nM (HDAC1), 21.3 nM (HDAC2), 18.4 nM (HDAC3), 90.9 nM (HDAC8), 3.9 nM (HDAC6) and 8715.7 nM (HDAC4). WMJ-J-09 blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. WMJ-J-09 induces cancer cell death through the LKB1-AMPK-p38MAPK-p63-survivin signaling cascade.WMJ-J-09 inhibits HDAC enzyme activity, leading to acetylation of key proteins and thereby regulating cancer cell death. WMJ-J-09 can be used in HCT116 cells and FaDu cells research[1][2].
    WMJ-J-09
  • HY-13506G
    M344 (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    M344 (GMP) (D 237) (GMP) is the GMP level of M344 (HY-13506). GMP level of small molecules can be used as auxiliary reagents in cell therapy. M344 is a kind of histone acetylation enzyme inhibitor.
    M344 (GMP)
  • HY-155182
    HDAC-IN-62
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-62 (Compound 5) a HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.78, 1.0, 1.2? μM for HDAC6/8/11 respectively. HDAC-IN-62 inhibits-induced microglial activation by the initiation of autophagy, and inhibits nitric oxide production. HDAC-IN-62 has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects. HDAC-IN-62 inhibits microglial activation in mouse brain.
    HDAC-IN-62
  • HY-157323
    HDAC6-IN-28
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-28 (compound 10C) is a potent inhibitor of HDAC6 with an IC50 of 261 nM. HDAC6-IN-28 significantly induces apoptosis and S-phase arrest in B16-F10 cells. HDAC6-IN-28 efficiently increases the expression of acetylated-α-tubulin in vitro and in vivo.
    HDAC6-IN-28
  • HY-163143
    HDAC8-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-6 (compound 3) is a potent HDAC8 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.1 μM. HDAC8-IN-6 shows cytotoxicity.
    HDAC8-IN-6
  • HY-149029
    TH-6
    		Inhibitor
    TH-6 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.115, 0.135, 0.242, 0.138, 2.120 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. TH-6 inhibits cell migration and invasion. TH-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. TH-6 shows anti-tumor activity.
    TH-6
  • HY-RS06076
    HDAC5 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC5 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC5 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC5 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-147731
    HDAC6-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-9 (compound 12c) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.8, 15.2, 4.2, 139.6, 21.3 nM for HDAC1,HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC10, respectively. HDAC6-IN-9 shows anti-proliferative activities.
    HDAC6-IN-9
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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