2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0222
    Avicularin
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Avicularin is an orally active flavonoid. Avicularin inhibits NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. Avicularin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor activities.
    Avicularin
  • HY-66005S
    Acetaminophen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    Acetaminophen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.
    Acetaminophen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N6257
    Cafestol
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Cafestol is an orally active diterpenoid and an inhibitor of ERK2. Cafestol has elevated blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, Cafestol induces tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    Cafestol
  • HY-N0569
    Madecassic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
    Madecassic acid
  • HY-N2963
    Broussonin E
    		Inhibitor 98.11%
    Broussonin E is a phenolic compound and shows anti-inflammatory activity. Broussonin E can suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the ERK and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Broussonin E can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis.
    Broussonin E
  • HY-N5015
    Rosmanol
    		Inhibitor 98.95%
    Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
    Rosmanol
  • HY-N0774
    Isofraxidin
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation.
    Isofraxidin
  • HY-N0589
    Dehydrodiisoeugenol
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Dehydrodiisoeugenol is isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial actions. Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits LPS- stimulated NF-κB activation and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in murine macrophages.
    Dehydrodiisoeugenol
  • HY-14617
    Paradol
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Paradol is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants. Paradol is an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis, binds to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 active site.
    Paradol
  • HY-Y0189
    Methyl Salicylate
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor.
    Methyl Salicylate
  • HY-N2609
    7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone
    		99.68%
    7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) is a flavonoid, which can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone is eotaxin/CCL11 inhibitor and CBR1 inhibitor (IC50=0.28 μM). 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone has the ability to consistently suppress eotaxin production and prevent dexamethasone (Dex)‐paradoxical adverse effects on eotaxin production. 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) inhibits MUC5AC gene expression, mucus production and secretion via regulation of NF-κB, STAT6 and HDAC2.7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cell MUC5AC gene expression and mucus production with IC50 value of 1.4 µM.
    7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone
  • HY-B2137
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen is a potent inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 1.9 and 27 nM, respectively.
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen
  • HY-N0920
    Dihydrokavain
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Dihydrokavain (7,8-Dihydrokawain) is a natural kavalactone compound. Dihydrokavain inhibits COX-1, COX-2, CYP2C9 (IC50 = 130.95 μM), CYP2C19 (IC50 = 10.05 μM) and CYP3A4 (IC50 = 78.59 μM). Dihydrokavain reduces TNFα secretion. Dihydrokavain shows analgesic and anxiolytic effects.
    Dihydrokavain
  • HY-N2007
    Veratric acid
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid
  • HY-N1390
    Syringaldehyde
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Syringaldehyde
  • HY-N6968
    α-Humulene
    		Inhibitor 98.55%
    α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression.
    α-Humulene
  • HY-N0831
    Jaceosidin
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Jaceosidin is a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, induces apoptosis in cancer cells, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, decreases leves of inflammatory markers, and suppresses COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
    Jaceosidin
  • HY-148013
    K284-6111
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    K284-6111 is a high-affinity and orally active CHI3L1 inhibitor, and inhibits CHI3L1 expression. K284-6111 inhibits ERK and NF-κB pathway. K284-6111 suppresses nuclear translocation of p50 and p65, and phosphorylation of IκB. K284-6111 improves memory dysfunction by alleviating amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation, with the reduction of inflammatory proteins (eg: iNOS, COX-2, GFAP, and Iba-1). K284-6111 reduces atopic-like skin inflammation and inhibits LPS (HY-D1056) -induced liver injury. K284-6111 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's diseases and sepsis like hepatic injury.
    K284-6111
  • HY-N0493
    Pectolinarigenin
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis.
    Pectolinarigenin
  • HY-B0808
    Oxaprozin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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