2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121250
    Fasnall
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Fasnall is a selective fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.71 μM. Fasnall induces apoptosis in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. Fasnall shows potent anti-tumor activities.
    Fasnall
  • HY-138301
    Miclxin
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Miclxin (DS37262926) is a potent inhibitor of mutant β-catenin, involving in Wnt signaling pathway. Miclxin induces β-catenin-dependent apoptosis, leads to severe mitochondrial damage with the loss of mitochondrial membrane. Miclxin kills tumor via targeting to MIC60, a major components of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex.
    Miclxin
  • HY-107811
    Harmol
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Harmol is an orally active β-carboline alkaloid. Harmol is a TFEB activator and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Harmol can induce cell mitosis, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Harmol promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Harmol has anti-tumor, anti-depressant and anti-aging activities. Harmol improves motor impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model.
    Harmol
  • HY-N0314
    Pectolinarin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Pectolinarin possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin suppresses cell proliferation and inflammatory response and induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
    Pectolinarin
  • HY-P99313
    Quilizumab
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Quilizumab (Anti-Human IGHE Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting immunoglobulin epsilon (also konwn as: IGHE, IgE). Quilizumab targets the M1-prime fragment of membrane-expressed IGHE/IgE, leading to IGHE/IgE switching and memory B cell depletion. Quilizumab has potential in asthma research.
    Quilizumab
  • HY-B1153
    Glafenine
    		Inducer 98.75%
    Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor. Glafenine exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cell migration effects by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Glafenine can induce cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and reduce the synthesis of the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin. Glafenine can be used in the research of inflammatory-related diseases, vascular restenosis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
    Glafenine
  • HY-N1986
    Cucurbitacin D
    		Activator 99.91%
    Cucurbitacin D is the active ingredient in Trichosanthes kirilowii and can disrupt the interaction between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D is an inflammasome activator. Cucurbitacin D induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, exhibiting anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Cucurbitacin D
  • HY-N6031
    Dendrophenol
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Dendrophenol (Moscatilin) is a NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits inflammation. Dendrophenol exerts potent cytotoxic effect against tumor cells and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Dendrophenol has antitumor activity. In addition, Dendrophenol can inhibit vascular calcification by inhibiting the activation of WNT3/β-catenin.
    Dendrophenol
  • HY-N0214
    Peimisine
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Peimisine (Ebeiensine) is a muscarinic M receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Peimisine shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive activities. Peimisine can induce apoptosis and be used in cough and asthma research.
    Peimisine
  • HY-144707
    AK-778-XXMU
    		Inducer 98.82%
    AK-778-XXMU is a potent inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) antagonist with a KD of 129 nM. AK-778-XXMU can inhibit cell migration and invasion of glioma cell lines, induce apoptosis, and more importantly, slow down the tumor growth.
    AK-778-XXMU
  • HY-13636R
    Fulvestrant (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Fulvestrant (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fulvestrant. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.
    Fulvestrant (Standard)
  • HY-B0515
    Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate (BM-210955; RPR-102289A) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPP synthase). Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate can block the mevalonate pathway to inhibit the isoprenylation modification of small GTPases (such as RAS, RHO family proteins), induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit bone resorption. Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate inhibits tumor cell proliferation (such as ER+ breast cancer cells), promotes the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene FAS, and can produce synergistic anti-tumor effects with anti-estrogen compounds. Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate is used in the study of osteoporosis and bone metastatic tumors (such as breast cancer bone metastasis).
    Ibandronate Sodium Monohydrate
  • HY-N0841
    Bruceine A
    		Inducer 98.01%
    Bruceine A (Dihydrobrusatol) is a natural quassinoid. Bruceine A is an inhibitor of parasites, NF-κB, and PFKFB4 (Kd: 44 nM). Bruceine A is an activator of P38α MAPK. Bruceine A has antiparasitic activity. Bruceine A has antitumor activity and inhibits cancer cell migration. Bruceine A blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Bruceine A can be used in parasites, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer research.
    Bruceine A
  • HY-161409
    SC912
    		Inducer 99.13%
    SC912 is an AR-V7 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.36 μM). SC912 possesses safety, potency and selectivity. SC912 binds directly to AR-FL and AR-V7 proteins, inhibites nuclear localization and chromatin binding capabilities. SC912 exerts anticancer activity through inhibition of proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    SC912
  • HY-10115A
    PI-103 Hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.55%
    PI-103 Hydrochloride is a dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor with IC50s of 8 nM, 88 nM, 48 nM, 150 nM, 20 nM, and 83 nM for p110α, p110β, p110δ, p110γ, mTORC1, and mTORC2. PI-103 Hydrochloride also inhibits DNA-PK with an IC50 of 2 nM. PI-103 Hydrochloride induces autophagy.
    PI-103 Hydrochloride
  • HY-124611
    JG-231
    		Inducer 98.47%
    JG-231 is an allosteric inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). JG - 231 inhibits the binding of Hsp70 and BAG family proteins, including inhibition of Hsp70 and BAG1 with a Ki of 0.11 μM. JG-231 inhibits proliferation of tumor cells and induces apoptosis. JG-231 has antitumor activity.
    JG-231
  • HY-N0253
    Hederacoside C
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Hederacoside C (Kalopanaxsaponin B) is an ingredient that can be obtained mainly from ivy leaves. Hederacoside C mediates inflammation by inhibiting activation of MAPK/NF-κB and its downstream signaling pathway. Hederacoside C has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity.
    Hederacoside C
  • HY-16012A
    Domatinostat
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Domatinostat (4SC-202 free base) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1).
    Domatinostat
  • HY-111485
    INCB-057643
    		Inducer 98.29%
    INCB-057643 is a novel, orally bioavailable BET inhibitor.
    INCB-057643
  • HY-112818
    S130
    		Inducer 99.43%
    S130 is a high affinity, selective inhibitor of ATG4B (a major cysteine protease) with an IC50 of 3.24 µM. S130 suppresses autophagy flux.
    S130
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity