2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W014423
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-118620
    Nortriptyline
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Nortriptyline (Desmethylamitriptyline), the main active metabolite of Amitriptyline, is a tricyclic antidepressant. Nortriptyline is a potent autophagy inhibitor and has anticancer effects. N
    Nortriptyline
  • HY-N2387
    Pinosylvin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Pinosylvin is a?pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin?isolated from the heartwood of Pinus species, has anti-bacterial activities. Pinosylvin is a resveratrol analogue, can induce cell apoptosis and autophapy in leukemia cells.
    Pinosylvin
  • HY-12643
    Eprinomectin
    		Inducer 98.02%
    Eprinomectin (MK-397) is a type of avermectin. Eprinomectin, as a broad-spectrum fungicide, has insecticidal, insecticidal and acaricidal activities. Eprinomectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells and has antitumor activity.
    Eprinomectin
  • HY-N2116
    Ginkgolic acid C17:1
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Ginkgolic acid C17:1 is a fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.5 µM. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 shows anti-tumor activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 and inducing apoptosis. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can block the interaction between S-RBD and ACE2, and has anti-SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus activity. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 inhibits the biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
    Ginkgolic acid C17:1
  • HY-N2493
    Lawsone
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Lawsone is an orally active naphthoquinone dye that can be isolated from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis. Lawsone can induce apoptosis. Lawsone has antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Lawsone can be used in anti-tumor drug research.
    Lawsone
  • HY-W181530
    NCT02
    		Inducer 98.14%
    NCT02 is a molecular glue degrader based on the E3 ubiquitin ligase DDB1 that targets CDK12 and its binding partner CCNK. NCT02 triggers the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CCNK, thereby downregulating CDK12 protein levels and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathways. NCT02 can induce tumor cell apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, and selectively inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells carrying TP53 defects or belonging to the consensus molecular subtype CMS4. NCT02 has the potential to inhibit tumor growth in in vitro and in vivo models.
    NCT02
  • HY-19527
    IST5-002
    		Inducer 99.83%
    IST5-002, a potent Stat5a/b inhibitor, selectively inhibits transcriptional activity of Stat5a/b (IC50s: 1.5 μM for Stat5a, 3.5 μM for Stat5b). IST5-002 inducs cell apoptotic and death of prostate cancer cells and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. IST5-002 can be used in the research of prostate cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
    IST5-002
  • HY-19696B
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
  • HY-107811
    Harmol
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Harmol is an orally active β-carboline alkaloid. Harmol is a TFEB activator and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Harmol can induce cell mitosis, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Harmol promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Harmol has anti-tumor, anti-depressant and anti-aging activities. Harmol improves motor impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model.
    Harmol
  • HY-122778
    δ-Tocotrienol
    		Inducer 98.10%
    δ-Tocotrienol is a Vitamin E in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, grains and oils. Vitamin E has become well known for its role as an antioxidant, in lowering cholesterol and other lipids, as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent, and in cardiovascular disease protection.
    δ-Tocotrienol
  • HY-Y0892
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol
    		Inducer 99.98%
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a phenolic compound widely distributed in various kinds of plants. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive activity. Neuroprotective effect. Inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth.
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol
  • HY-P99313
    Quilizumab
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Quilizumab (Anti-Human IGHE Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting immunoglobulin epsilon (also konwn as: IGHE, IgE). Quilizumab targets the M1-prime fragment of membrane-expressed IGHE/IgE, leading to IGHE/IgE switching and memory B cell depletion. Quilizumab has potential in asthma research.
    Quilizumab
  • HY-139781
    PD-L1-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.01%
    PD-L1-IN-1 (Compound 10) is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 115 nM. PD-L1-IN-1 strongly binds with the PD-L1 protein and challenged it in a co-culture of PD-L1 expressing cancer cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced antitumor immune activity of the latter. PD-L1-IN-1 significantly exhibits low cytotoxicity in healthy cells.
    PD-L1-IN-1
  • HY-N1986
    Cucurbitacin D
    		Activator 99.91%
    Cucurbitacin D is the active ingredient in Trichosanthes kirilowii and can disrupt the interaction between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D is an inflammasome activator. Cucurbitacin D induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, exhibiting anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Cucurbitacin D
  • HY-N6031
    Dendrophenol
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Dendrophenol (Moscatilin) is a NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits inflammation. Dendrophenol exerts potent cytotoxic effect against tumor cells and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Dendrophenol has antitumor activity. In addition, Dendrophenol can inhibit vascular calcification by inhibiting the activation of WNT3/β-catenin.
    Dendrophenol
  • HY-135699
    TD52
    		Inducer
    TD52, an Erlotinib (HY-50896) derivative, is an orally active, potent cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) inhibitor. TD52 mediates the apoptotic effect in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells via regulating the CIP2A/PP2A/p-Akt signalling pathway. TD52 indirectly reduced CIP2A by disturbing Elk1 binding to the CIP2A promoter. TD52 has less p-EGFR inhibition and has potent anti-cancer activity. TD52 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    TD52
  • HY-160799
    HA-9104
    		Inducer 98.06%
    HA-9104 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cullin-5 neddylation via virtually targeting the V30 pocket of UBE2F. HA-9104 binds to UBE2F, reduces its protein levels, and consequently inhibits cullin-5 neddylation. HA-9104 has potent growth suppression and radiosensitizing activities via targeting the UBE2F-CRL5 axis and causing DNA damage, leading to induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest in lung and pancreatic cancer cells.
    HA-9104
  • HY-N0214
    Peimisine
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Peimisine (Ebeiensine) is a muscarinic M receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Peimisine shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive activities. Peimisine can induce apoptosis and be used in cough and asthma research.
    Peimisine
  • HY-144707
    AK-778-XXMU
    		Inducer 98.82%
    AK-778-XXMU is a potent inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) antagonist with a KD of 129 nM. AK-778-XXMU can inhibit cell migration and invasion of glioma cell lines, induce apoptosis, and more importantly, slow down the tumor growth.
    AK-778-XXMU
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity