2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13270
    ABT-751
    		Inducer 99.40%
    ABT-751 (E7010) is a novel, highly orally bioavailable sulfonamides antimitotic compound and tubulin binder. It prevents tubulin aggregation by binding to the colchicine site on β-tubulin, leading to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis, thus effectively preventing cell division. ABT-751 induces autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/MTOR signaling pathway. ABT-751 showed significant inhibition against various types of cancer cells, including lung, gastric, colon, and breast cancer.
    ABT-751
  • HY-158974
    YTHDC1-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.44%
    YTHDC1-IN-1 is a selective YTHDC1 inhibitor with a Kd of 49 nM and an IC50 of 0.35 μM. YTHDC1-IN-1 can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. YTHDC1-IN-1 has anti-tumor activity.
    YTHDC1-IN-1
  • HY-18676B
    ILK-IN-2
    		Activator 99.41%
    ILK-IN-2 (OSU-T315 analog) is an oral PDK2 inhibitor and also an ILK inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. ILK-IN-2 induces cell autophagy and apoptosis, showing anti-tumor activity. ILK-IN-2 directly abolishes AKT activation by preventing AKT from translocating to lipid rafts, triggering Caspase-dependent apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and extending the lifespan in TCL1 mouse models.
    ILK-IN-2
  • HY-17602
    Amcasertib
    		Inducer 98.07%
    Amcasertib (BBI503) is an orally activate cancer stemness kinase inhibitor that enhances apoptosis. Amcasertib inhibits the expression of NANOG and CD133 and cell viability in PC-9/GR cells.
    Amcasertib
  • HY-103019A
    (±)-Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.87%
    (±)-Enitociclib ((±)-BAY-1251152) is the racemic mixture of Enitociclib (HY-103019E). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (±)-Enitociclib
  • HY-10410
    TG101209
    		Inducer 99.22%
    TG101209 is a selective JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM, less potent to Flt3 and RET with IC50 of 25 nM and 17 nM, appr 30-fold selective for JAK2 than JAK3, and sensitive to JAK2V617F and MPLW515L/K mutations.
    TG101209
  • HY-12456
    Duocarmycin SA
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Duocarmycin SA is an orally active antitumor antibiotic with an IC50 of 10 pM. Duocarmycin SA is an extremely potent cytotoxic agent capable of inducing a sequence-selective alkylation of duplex DNA. Duocarmycin SA demonstrates synergistic cytotoxicity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells treated with proton radiation in vitro.
    Duocarmycin SA
  • HY-145015
    Tuspetinib
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Tuspetinib (HM43239) is an orally active and selective FLT3 inhibitor with IC50s of 1.1 nM, 1.8 nM and 1.0 nM for FLT3 WT, FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and FLT3 D835Y kinases, respectively. Tuspetinib inhibits the kinase activity of FLT3 as a reversible type I inhibitor and modulates p-STAT5, p-ERK, SYK, JAK1/2, and TAK1. Tuspetinib inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of leukemic cells.
    Tuspetinib
  • HY-13775
    XL019
    		Inducer 99.65%
    XL019?is a potent, orally active, and selective JAK2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 2.2, 134.3, and 214.2 nM for JAK2, JAK1 and JAK3, respectively. XL019 shows 50-fold or greater selectivity for JAK2, versus a panel of over 100 serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases, including other members of the JAK family. XL019 potently inhibits STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation in cells harboring either JAK2V617F or wild-type JAK2.
    XL019
  • HY-15694
    SMIP004
    		Inducer 99.79%
    SMIP004 is a SKP2 E3 ligase inhibitor, which downregulates SKP2 and to stabilise p27. SMIP004 is a cancer cell selective apoptosis inducer of human prostate cancer cells.
    SMIP004
  • HY-107553
    Chetomin
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Chetomin, an active component of Chaetomium globosum, is a heat shock protein 90/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hsp90/HIF1α) pathway inhibitor. Chetomin is a potent, nontoxic non-small cell lung cancer cancer stem cells (NSCLC CSC)-targeting molecule.
    Chetomin
  • HY-14596R
    Genistein (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.31%
    Genistein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Genistein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.
    Genistein (Standard)
  • HY-B0986
    Hexylresorcinol
    		Inducer 99.52%
    Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a natural compound found in plants with antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiseptic and antitumor activities. Hexylresorcinol can induce apoptosis in squamous carcinoma cells. Hexylresorcinol is a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Hexylresorcinol has protective effects against oxidative DNA damage.
    Hexylresorcinol
  • HY-N0718
    Valepotriate
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Valepotriate can be isolated from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, has anti-epileptic and anti-cancer activities.
    Valepotriate
  • HY-139534
    ARI-1
    		Activator 99.16%
    ARI-1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) inhibitor. ARI-1 blocks the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in a ROR1-dependent manner. ARI-1 upregulates cleaved-PARP and p-P38. ARI-1 induces Apoptosis. ARI-1 has anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer.
    ARI-1
  • HY-N6012
    (-)-Alkannin
    		Inducer 99.88%
    (-)-Alkannin, found in Alkanna tinctoria, is used as a food coloring. (-)-Alkannin shows anticancer activity, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. (-)-Alkannin improves hepatic inflammation in a Rho-kinase pathway.
    (-)-Alkannin
  • HY-W016145
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium (hydrate)
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate is a nutritional additive and flavoring agent. L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate can reduce obesity and induce metabolic disorders associated with oxidative stress. L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate induces oxidative stress,DNA damage and apoptosis in the liver and brain tissues of mice.
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium (hydrate)
  • HY-N7204
    4-Hydroxyderricin
    		Inducer 99.97%
    4-Hydroxyderricin, the major active ingredients of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, is an orally active, potent selective MAO-B (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.43 μM. 4-Hydroxyderricin also mildly inhibits dopamine β (DBH)-hydroxylase activity. 4-Hydroxyderricin has antidepressant activity, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and antitumor effects. 4-Hydroxyderricin promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular cells. 4-Hydroxyderricin inhibits osteoclast formation and accelerates osteoblast differentiation. 4-Hydroxyderricin is promising for research of inflammatory diseases.
    4-Hydroxyderricin
  • HY-121250
    Fasnall
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Fasnall is a selective fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.71 μM. Fasnall induces apoptosis in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. Fasnall shows potent anti-tumor activities.
    Fasnall
  • HY-33350
    Clofilium tosylate
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Clofilium tosylate, a potassium channel blocker, induces apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells via Bcl-2-insensitive activation of caspase-3. Antiarrhythmic agent.
    Clofilium tosylate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity