2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-148764
    M47
    		Inducer 99.87%
    M47 is a molecular glue that selectively destabilizes Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and increases degradation of the CRY1 in the nucleus. M47 enhances apoptosis in Ras-transformed P53-deficient mouse skin fibroblast lines and enhances life span in p53 knockout mice. M47 can be used in research of cancer.
    M47
  • HY-13566
    Belotecan
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Belotecan (CKD-602 free base) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Belotecan induces cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Belotecan is a camptothecin analogue with anti-tumor effects, it can be used for the research of cancer.
    Belotecan
  • HY-160487
    KME-2780
    		Inducer 98.94%
    KME-2780 is the orally active inhibitor for IRAK1 and IRAK4 with IC50s of 19 nM and 0.5 nM. KME-2780 can be used for research of dysregulation of innate immune signaling and hematologic malignancies.
    KME-2780
  • HY-103596
    Thalidomide-4-OH
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Thalidomide-4-OH (Cereblon ligand 2) is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-4-OH (Cereblon ligand 2) can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-4-OH
  • HY-143584
    AZ5576
    		Inducer 99.86%
    AZ5576 is a potent and highly selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50: <5 nM). AZ5576 inhibits the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser2, thereby inhibiting transcriptional elongation. AZ5576 can be used for hematological Malignancy research.
    AZ5576
  • HY-P0109A
    Z-FA-FMK
    		Inhibitor 99.14%
    Z-FA-FMK ((1S)-Z-FA-FMK) is a potent Cathepsin B and L inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK blocks the induction of DEVDase activity, DNA fragmentation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine by selective synthetic retinoid-related molecules (RRMs). Z-FA-FMK inhibits apoptosis. Z-FA-FMK inhibits caspase activity and selectively inhibits recombinant effector caspases 2, -3, -6, and -7. Z-FA-FMK is a viral inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK inhibits reovirus replication in a susceptible host.
    Z-FA-FMK
  • HY-N0222
    Avicularin
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Avicularin is an orally active flavonoid. Avicularin inhibits NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. Avicularin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor activities.
    Avicularin
  • HY-N0244
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate
    		Inhibitor 98.79%
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate is a monomer of theaflavins found in black tea, which has anti-UVB damage activity and inhibits cell apoptosis and necroptosis. Theaflavin-3'-gallate acts as a pro-oxidant and induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, inhibiting xanthine oxidase (OX), with an IC50 of 7.6 μM.
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate
  • HY-B1065
    Aceglutamide
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research.
    Aceglutamide
  • HY-153188
    JNJ-1013
    		Inducer 99.80%
    JNJ-1013 is a potent and selective IRAK1 PROTAC degrader with an IC50s of 72, 443, 1071 nM for IRAK1, IRAK4, VHL FP respectively. JNJ-1013 induces apoptosis and increases the expression of cleavaged PARP. JNJ-1013 decreases the expression IRAK1, p-IKBα, pSTAT3(Tyr705) (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-138834); black: linker (HY-Y1760); Blue: E3 ligase ligand (HY-112078)).
    JNJ-1013
  • HY-14608S5
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5
    		Inducer 98.36%
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-14605
    Rasagiline mesylate
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Rasagiline (R-AGN1135) mesylate is a highly potent selective irreversible mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with IC50s of 4.43 nM and 412 nM for rat brain MAO B and A activity, respectively. Rasagiline (mesylate) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Rasagiline mesylate
  • HY-W015854
    Ethyl methanesulfonate
    		Activator 99.96%
    Ethyl methanesulfonate is an orally active biochemical agent. Ethyl methanesulfonate induces Apoptosis. Ethyl methanesulfonate acts on DNA, alkylating it and causing changes in DNA structure, which in turn triggers a series of biological effects such as mutation and cell death. Ethyl methanesulfonate induces kidney and nervous system tumors. Ethyl methanesulfonate is widely used in the field of genetic toxicology research and is often used to induce gene mutations in organisms to study gene function, the mechanism of genetic diseases, and the effects of environmental mutagenic factors, etc.
    Ethyl methanesulfonate
  • HY-B0905
    Tilmicosin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Tilmicosin (LY-177370) is an orally active calcium channel antagonist and macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity. Tilmicosin mainly acts on the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Tilmicosin is effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock such as cattle, sheep and pigs. In addition, Tilmicosin has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Tilmicosin
  • HY-P99313
    Quilizumab
    		Inducer
    Quilizumab (Anti-Human IGHE Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting immunoglobulin epsilon (also konwn as: IGHE, IgE). Quilizumab targets the M1-prime fragment of membrane-expressed IGHE/IgE, leading to IGHE/IgE switching and memory B cell depletion. Quilizumab has potential in asthma research.
    Quilizumab
  • HY-107407
    SB-218078
    		Inducer 98.30%
    SB-218078 is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive and cell-permeable checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor that inhibits Chk1 phosphorylation of cdc25C with an IC50 of 15 nM. SB-218078 is less potently inhibits Cdc2 (IC50 of 250 nM) and PKC (IC50 of 1000 nM). SB-218078 causes apoptosis by DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.
    SB-218078
  • HY-N7015
    Zerumbone
    		99.74%
    Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity.
    Zerumbone
  • HY-N2587
    Irigenin
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells.
    Irigenin
  • HY-Y0152
    Cinchonine
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells.
    Cinchonine
  • HY-N0299
    Stachyose hydrate
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Stachyose hydrate is an orally active prebiotic that enhances the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria. Stachyose hydrate has hypoglycemic effects and can improve inflammation by regulating gut microbiota. In addition, Stachyose hydrate can induce plant cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). Stachyose hydrate can be used in research on inflammation, gastrointestinal diseases, and agriculture .
    Stachyose hydrate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity