2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0612A
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
  • HY-12445
    Asnuciclib
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Asnuciclib (CDKI-73; LS-007) is an orally active and highly efficacious CDK9 inhibitor, with Ki values of 4 nM, 4 nM and 3 nM for CDK9, CDK1 and CDK2, respectively. Asnuciclib down-regulates the RNAPII phosphorylation. Asnuciclib is also a novel pharmacological inhibitor of Rab11 cargo delivery and innate immune secretion.
    Asnuciclib
  • HY-133558
    VII-31
    		Inducer 99.63%
    VII-31 is a potent NEDDylation pathway activator to inhibit the tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. VII-31 induces apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
    VII-31
  • HY-103019A
    (±)-Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.87%
    (±)-Enitociclib ((±)-BAY-1251152) is the racemic mixture of Enitociclib (HY-103019E). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (±)-Enitociclib
  • HY-23095
    Thalidomide-5-OH
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Thalidomide-5-OH is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5-OH can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-OH
  • HY-107512
    Kynurenic acid sodium
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Kynurenic acid sodium, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid sodium is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.
    Kynurenic acid sodium
  • HY-B1622
    Cyproheptadine
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Cyproheptadine is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with antidepressant and antiserotonergic effects. Cyproheptadine has antiplatelet and thromboprotective activities. Cyproheptadine can be used for the research of thromboembolic disorders.
    Cyproheptadine
  • HY-15728
    Radotinib
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Radotinib (IY-5511) is an orally active and BBB-permeable selective tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 34 nM. Radotinib has anti-prion and anti-tumor activities. Radotinib can inhibit the proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells . Radotinib can be used in the research of cancer such as chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as prion diseases.
    Radotinib
  • HY-10044
    WYE-132
    		Inducer 99.90%
    WYE-132 (WYE-125132) is a highly potent, ATP-competitive, and specific mTOR kinase inhibitor (IC50: 0.19±0.07 nM; >5,000-fold selective versus PI3Ks). WYE-132 (WYE-125132) inhibits mTORC1 and mTORC2.
    WYE-132
  • HY-10206
    Amuvatinib
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Amuvatinib (MP470) is an orally bioavailable multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent activity against mutant c-Kit, PDGFRα, Flt3, c-Met and c-Ret. Amuvatinib (MP470) is also a DNA repair suppressor through suppression of DNA repair protein RAD51, thereby disrupting DNA damage repair. Antineoplastic activity.
    Amuvatinib
  • HY-170451
    Seldegamadlin
    		Inducer 98.53%
    Seldegamadlin (KT-253) is a selective p53 stabilizer and a MDM2 PROTAC degrader (DC50 = 0.4 nM). Seldegamadlin inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell RS4;11 with an IC50 of 0.3 nM, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis. Seldegamadlin upregulates p53 activity and overcomes the p53-MDM2 feedback loop. Seldegamadlin can be used for the study of hematologic and solid tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (Pink: ligand for target protein MDM2 ligand 4 (HY-170452); Black: linker (HY-W001478); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase cereblon (HY-163927)).
    Seldegamadlin
  • HY-14596R
    Genistein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Genistein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Genistein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.
    Genistein (Standard)
  • HY-N0006
    Demethoxycurcumin
    		Inducer 99.0%
    Demethoxycurcumin is one of the main active ingredients of curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. Demethoxycurcumin is orally active. Demethoxycurcumin can be used in inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease research.
    Demethoxycurcumin
  • HY-131553
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate (Vitamin E succinate) is an antioxidant tocopherol and a salt form of vitamin E. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate inhibits Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced cytotoxicity. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate can be used for the research of cancer.
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
  • HY-N1428S
    Citric acid-d4
    		Inducer 99.31%
    Citric acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Citric acid (HY-N1428). Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-13335
    PKCβ inhibitor 1
    		Inducer 99.40%
    PKCβ inhibitor 1 is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective PKCβ inhibitor with IC50s of 21 and 5 nM for human PKCβ1 and PKCβ2, respectively. PKCβ inhibitor 1 exhibits selectivity of more than 60-fold in favor of PKCβ2 relative to other PKC isozymes (PKCα, PKCγ, and PKCε).
    PKCβ inhibitor 1
  • HY-N6074
    Soyasapogenol B
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Soyasapogenol B is a component of soy that has oral activity. Soyasapogenol B promotes autophagy and apoptosis. Soyasapogenol B has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities.
    Soyasapogenol B
  • HY-13717
    AGN194204
    		Inducer 99.94%
    AGN194204 (IRX4204) is an orally active and selective RXR agonist with Kd values 0.4 nM, 3.6 nM and 3.8 nM and EC50s of 0.2 nM, 0.8 nM and 0.08 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ, respectively. AGN194204 is inactive against RAR. AGN194204 has anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic actions.
    AGN194204
  • HY-15856B
    Flupentixol dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Flupentixol is an orally active D1/D2 dopamine receptor antagonist and new PI3K inhibitor (PI3Kα IC50=127 nM). Flupentixol shows anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flupentixol can also be used in schizophrenia, anxiolytic and depressive research.
    Flupentixol dihydrochloride
  • HY-14399
    Itanapraced
    		Inhibitor 99.37%
    Itanapraced (CHF5074) is an orally active γ-secretase modulator and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory derivative. Itanapraced reduces Aβ42 and Aβ40 secretion with IC50 values of 3.6 and 18.4 μM, respectively. Itanapraced inhibits cell apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Itanapraced can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Itanapraced
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity