2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1446S1
    Oleic acid-d2
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Oleic acid-d2) is the deuterium labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-150603
    STAT3-IN-13
    		Inducer 99.24%
    STAT3-IN-13 (compound 6f) is a potent STAT3 inhibitor. STAT3-IN-13 has anti-proliferative effects and binds to the STAT3 SH2 domain with a KD of 0.46 μM. STAT3-IN-13 inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 and downstream target gene expression. STAT3-IN-13 induces apoptosis in vitro and suppresses the growth and metastasis of tumor in vivo. STAT3-IN-13 can be used for cancer research.
    STAT3-IN-13
  • HY-N2587
    Irigenin
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells.
    Irigenin
  • HY-12694
    Prucalopride succinate
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Prucalopride succinate is an orally active, selective and specific 5-HT 4 receptor agonist (high affinity), with pKis of 8.6 and 8.1 for human 5-HT4a/4b receptors, respectively. Prucalopride succinate improves intestinal motility by promoting regeneration of the intestinal nervous system in rats. Prucalopride succinate also shows anticancer activity by blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTor signaling pathway. Prucalopride succinate can be used in studies of chronic constipation, pseudo-intestinal obstruction and cancer.
    Prucalopride succinate
  • HY-B1071A
    Lasalocid sodium
    		Inducer 98.28%
    Lasalocid sodium (Lasalocid sodium-A) is an antibacterial and anticoccidial agent that can be used as feed additives. Lasalocid sodium exhibits antitumor activity. Lasalocid sodium is orally active.
    Lasalocid sodium
  • HY-134929
    Benitrobenrazide
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Benitrobenrazide (BNBZ) is the orally active inhibitor for hexokinase 2 with an IC50 of 0.53 µM. Benitrobenrazide causes DNA damage, and exhibits antitumor effect.
    Benitrobenrazide
  • HY-N0671
    Rhapontin
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin) is an orally aactive SIRT1 agonist and AMPK activator with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Rhapontin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating SIRT1 and inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling via the AMPK pathway. Rhapontin reduces intestinal and lung inflammation, inhibits fibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, and enhances tight junction protein expression to repair epithelial barriers. Rhapontin can be used in the study of inflammatory bowel diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and pulmonary fibrosis.
    Rhapontin
  • HY-14657
    Dantrolene sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Dantrolene sodium is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene sodium
  • HY-13404C
    Capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer 99.78%
    Capmatinib (INC280; INCB28060) dihydrochloride hydrate is a potent, orally active, selective, and ATP competitive c-Met kinase inhibitor (IC50=0.13 nM). Capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate can inhibit phosphorylation of c-MET as well as c-MET pathway downstream effectors such as ERK1/2, AKT, FAK, GAB1, and STAT3/5. Capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate potently inhibits c-MET-dependent tumor cell proliferation and migration and effectively induces apoptosis. Antitumor activity. Capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate is largely metabolized by CYP3A4 and aldehyde oxidase.
    Capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-135960
    BO-264
    		Inducer 99.63%
    BO-264 is a highly potent and orally active transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 188 nM and a Kd of 1.5 nM. BO-264 specifically blocks the function of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein. BO-264 induces spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-dependent mitotic arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis. BO-264 has broad-spectrum antitumor activity.
    BO-264
  • HY-15846
    CPI-203
    		Inducer 98.98%
    CPI-203 is a novel potent, selective and cell permeable inhibitor of BET bromodomain, with an IC50 value of appr 37 nM (BRD4 α-screen assay).
    CPI-203
  • HY-19832
    SC66
    		Inducer 99.65%
    SC66 is an Akt inhibitor, reduces cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibits colony formation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
    SC66
  • HY-115463
    EB-3D
    		Inducer 99.57%
    EB-3D is a potent and selective choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1 μM for ChoKα1. EB-3D exerts effects on ChoKα expression, AMPK activation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. EB-3D exhibits a potent antiproliferative activity in a panel of T-leukemia cell lines. Anti-cancer activity.
    EB-3D
  • HY-133558
    VII-31
    		Activator 99.63%
    VII-31 is a potent NEDDylation pathway activator to inhibit the tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. VII-31 induces apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
    VII-31
  • HY-N0179
    Ecdysone
    		Inducer
    Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979).
    Ecdysone
  • HY-P99761
    Obexelimab
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Obexelimab (XmAb5871) is a humanized anti-CD19 antibody. Obexelimab works by inhibiting B cell receptor (BCR) mediated calcium influx and promoting the phosphorylation of Fc γ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), which reduces B cell activation and function, leading to B cell apoptosis. Obexelimab can be used in research for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Obexelimab
  • HY-N10470
    Bleomycin A5
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Bleomycin A5 (Pingyangmycin) is an orally active glycopeptide antibiotics. Bleomycin A5 has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a bacterial metabolite.
    Bleomycin A5
  • HY-W142080
    α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan
    		Inducer 99.92%
    α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan (α-Methyltryptophan), a tryptophan derivative, is a selective SLC6A14 blocker. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan inhibits mTOR and activates autophagy and apoptosis. α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan also has the effect of reducing weight.
    α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan
  • HY-122818
    BpV(phen) trihydrate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    BpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. BpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). BpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity.
    BpV(phen) trihydrate
  • HY-148669A
    Bleximenib oxalate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Bleximenib (JNJ-75276617) oxalate is an orally active and selective menin-KMT2A inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.1 nM, 0.045 nM, and ≤0.066 nM for humans, mice, and dogs, respectively. Bleximenib oxalate can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. Bleximenib oxalate can be used in the research of tumors such as leukemia.
    Bleximenib oxalate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity