2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Cytochrome P450
  4. Tetrahydropiperine

Tetrahydropiperine is an orally effective, selective inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPKs<、b>, and an activator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR<、b> pathway. Tetrahydropiperine reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of MAPKs such as ERK, JNK, and p38. At the same time, Tetrahydropiperine inhibits excessive autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, protecting neurons from oxidative damage. Tetrahydropiperine has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects, and is mainly used in the study of inflammatory diseases (such as endotoxemia, arthritis) and neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke.

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Tetrahydropiperine Chemical Structure

Tetrahydropiperine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 23434-88-0

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Tetrahydropiperine Related Antibodies

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CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 CYP3A4 CYP17A1

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Description

Tetrahydropiperine is an orally effective, selective inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPKs<、b>, and an activator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR<、b> pathway. Tetrahydropiperine reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of MAPKs such as ERK, JNK, and p38. At the same time, Tetrahydropiperine inhibits excessive autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, protecting neurons from oxidative damage. Tetrahydropiperine has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects, and is mainly used in the study of inflammatory diseases (such as endotoxemia, arthritis) and neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[2]

CYP1A1

23 μM (IC50)

In Vitro

Tetrahydropiperine (1, 5, 10 μM; pretreatment for 1 h + LPS stimulation for 24 h) can significantly inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β induced by 1 μg/mL LPS in RAW 264.7 cells, and down-regulate the expression of COX-2 and i-NOS[1].
Tetrahydropiperine (10, 20, 40 μg/mL; 24 h) can improve the survival rate of PC-12 cells in the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model, reduce cell morphological damage, and up-regulate the expression of proteins related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Tetrahydropiperine Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: RAW 264.7 cells
Concentration: 5, 10 μM
Incubation Time: 1 h pretreatment + 24 h LPS stimulation
Result: Significantly attenuated the expression of COX-2 and i-NOS proteins in LPS-stimulated cells, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα, indicating downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
In Vivo

Tetrahydropiperine (10, 20 mg/kg; oral; single dose; 1 hour before administration) significantly improves the survival rate of mice, reduced the thickness of paw edema, and decreases the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced paw edema models in mice[1][2]. Tetrahydropiperine (10, 20, 30 mg/kg; oral; once daily; for 14 days) improves neurobehavioral damage, reduces cerebral infarction area, and regulates the expression of proteins related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in Sprague-Dawley rats[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 200±20 g, 6-8 weeks) permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model[2]
Dosage: 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage daily, starting 1 h after pMCAO surgery, 14 days
Result: Dose-dependently improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarct volume (notably 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg groups), and enhanced neuronal survival as shown by Nissl staining.
Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins, and downregulation of autophagy-related proteins Atg7 and Beclin1, indicating inhibition of excessive autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Molecular Weight

289.37

Formula

C17H23NO3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(N1CCCCC1)CCCCC2=CC=C(OCO3)C3=C2
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (345.58 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.4558 mL 17.2789 mL 34.5578 mL
5 mM 0.6912 mL 3.4558 mL 6.9116 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.64 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.64 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

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(per animal)

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Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.41%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (244 KB) LCMS (102 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.4558 mL 17.2789 mL 34.5578 mL 86.3946 mL
5 mM 0.6912 mL 3.4558 mL 6.9116 mL 17.2789 mL
10 mM 0.3456 mL 1.7279 mL 3.4558 mL 8.6395 mL
15 mM 0.2304 mL 1.1519 mL 2.3039 mL 5.7596 mL
20 mM 0.1728 mL 0.8639 mL 1.7279 mL 4.3197 mL
25 mM 0.1382 mL 0.6912 mL 1.3823 mL 3.4558 mL
30 mM 0.1152 mL 0.5760 mL 1.1519 mL 2.8798 mL
40 mM 0.0864 mL 0.4320 mL 0.8639 mL 2.1599 mL
50 mM 0.0691 mL 0.3456 mL 0.6912 mL 1.7279 mL
60 mM 0.0576 mL 0.2880 mL 0.5760 mL 1.4399 mL
80 mM 0.0432 mL 0.2160 mL 0.4320 mL 1.0799 mL
100 mM 0.0346 mL 0.1728 mL 0.3456 mL 0.8639 mL
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Tetrahydropiperine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Tetrahydropiperine23434-88-0Cytochrome P450CYPsPiperinearyl pentanamideCYPCYP1A1arylhydrocarbonhydroxylaseAHHInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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