TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Mouse/Rat (HEK293)

TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein plays a key role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune regulation, and extracellular matrix formation. TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Mouse/Rat (HEK293) is a recombinant TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein expressed by HEK293 without a tag^[1][2][3].

TGF beta 1/TGFB1 is a multifunctional cytokine. In immune regulation, TGF beta 1/TGFB1 can inhibit the activation of T/B cells, induce the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and promote the polarization of macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. TGF beta 1/TGFB1 can also affect the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix by regulating the synthesis and degradation of collagen. When it is overactivated, it will lead to fibrosis of organs such as the liver and lungs. In addition, TGF beta 1/TGFB1 is also involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. In the early stage, it inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells, induces cell apoptosis, and plays an anti-cancer role. In the late stage, it promotes tumor progression by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, tumor angiogenesis, and immune escape^[1][2][3].

TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein (Mouse/Rat; 10 ng/mL; 48 h) can be used to establish a fibrotic cell model. It activates SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, upregulates the levels of fibrotic proteins (α-SMA and Col1a1), and inhibits the levels of Acan and Col2a1 in rat nucleus pulposus cells^[4].

The ability to inhibit IL-4-dependent proliferation of TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells has an ED50 value of 5-25 pg/mL.

Mouse; Rat

HEK293

Tag Free

P04202(A279-S390)

21803  [NCBI]

ALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYIDFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASASPCCVPQALEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS

Approximately 13 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 4 mM HCl.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in 4mM HCl. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Kim KK, et al. TGF-β1 Signaling and Tissue Fibrosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Apr 2;10(4):a022293.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Laudisi F, et al. TGF-β1 signaling and Smad7 control T-cell responses in health and immune-mediated disorders. Eur J Immunol. 2023 Nov;53(11):e2350460.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Lodyga M, et al. TGF-β1 - A truly transforming growth factor in fibrosis and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 May;101:123-139.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Lu R, et al. Physalin A alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. J Orthop Translat. 2023 Jan 25;39:74-87.  [Content Brief]