M-CSF Protein, Human

M-CSF (CSF-1) protein is a homodimeric hematopoietic growth factor and proinflammatory cytokine, belonging to the colony stimulating factor. M-CSF can act specifically on the monocyte-macrophage lineage, drive monocyte proliferation and differentiation into macrophages/osteoclasts, and induce M1 macrophages to enhance ADCC anti-tumor activity and M2 macrophages to promote VEGF angiogenesis^[1][2][3][4]. M-CSF Protein, Human is a recombinant human M-CSF protein expressed in E. coli with tag-free.

1. M-CSF Protein Protein Characteristics^[1][2][3]
M-CSF, or macrophage colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, is a disulfide-linked homodimer belonging to the colony stimulating factor (CSF) family. M-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor and proinflammatory cytokine with multiple glycosylation sites, belonging to the hematopoietic growth factor family along with GM-CSF and G-CSF. M-CSF affects the survival and function of tissue macrophages and has anti-tumor activity^[1]. M-CSF is expressed in a variety of cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts, and has multiple subtypes. M-CSF can be a secreted glycoprotein, a cell surface protein and a proteoglycan, binding to its receptor CSF1R^[2]. M-CSF can specifically act on the monocyte-macrophage lineage, participate in the development and proliferation of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, and participate in the induction of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are very important for the destruction of bone and cartilage and the changes in periarticular osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis^[3].
2. M-CSF Protein Functional Characteristics^[1][4]
M-CSF is regulated by LPS and IFN-γ upstream, and activates NF-κB and STAT3 downstream, regulating inflammatory factors such as IL-12 and TNF-α. M-CSF induces macrophage polarization to M1 type, and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by upregulating surface molecules such as CD80 and CD16, exerting anti-tumor effects. M-CSF may induce macrophage polarization to M2 type, promoting VEGF secretion and angiogenesis.
3. Application of M-CSF Protein^[1][4][5][6]
Oncology: Clinical trials have shown that M-CSF combined with monoclonal antibodies can enhance tumor-targeted killing, but its pro-angiogenic effect may promote metastasis.
Infection and Immunity: Enhance the antifungal (such as Candida) and anti-tuberculosis activity of macrophages, and use it to treat infections in immunocompromised patients.
Hematopoietic Repair: Restore monocyte counts after chemotherapy/transplantation and shorten the neutrophil deficiency period.
Bone Disease: Regulate osteoclasts, used in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis research.

The ED₅₀ is 0.4-3.0 ng/mL as measured by M-NFS-60 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of 3.3 × 10⁵-2.5 × 10⁶ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using M-NFS-60 mouse myelogenous leukemia lymphoblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.9490 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.053×10⁶ U/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P09603-3 (E33-S190)

1435  [NCBI]

EEVSEYCSHMIGSGHLQSLQRLIDSQMETSCQITFEFVDQEQLKDPVCYLKKAFLLVQDIMEDTMRFRDNTPNAIAIVQLQELSLRLKSCFTKDYEEHDKACVRTFYETPLQLLEKVKNVFNETKNLLDKDWNIFSKNCNNSFAECSSQGHERQSEGS

Approximately 19 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 or 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 8.0.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O or PBS or Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Garnick MB, et al. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF). Int J Cell Cloning. 1990 Jan;8 Suppl 1:356-71.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Hamilton JA. Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jul;8(7):533-44.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Rioja I, et al. Potential novel biomarkers of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: CXCL13, CCL23, transforming growth factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Aug;58(8):2257-67.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Eubank TD, et al. M-CSF induces vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenic activity from human monocytes. J Immunol. 2003 Sep 1;171(5):2637-43.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Jaguin M, et al. Polarization profiles of human M-CSF-generated macrophages and comparison of M1-markers in classically activated macrophages from GM-CSF and M-CSF origin. Cell Immunol. 2013 Jan;281(1):51-61.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Sakurai T, et al. Effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on mouse immune responses in vivo. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1998 Feb;20(1):79-102.  [Content Brief]