GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli with a N-6*His tag^[1][2][3][4].

GM-CSF is a cytokine secreted by various cells (such as T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, etc.), playing an important role in the immune system and hematopoietic process. GM-CSF can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells of granulocytes (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and macrophages in the bone marrow, promoting the production of mature blood cells. GM-CSF can also activate mature granulocytes and macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability, bactericidal activity, and antigen-presenting function, and participating in innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, GM-CSF also has pro-inflammatory activity^[1][2][3][4].

GM-CSF Protein (25 ng/mL; 30 min-24 h) enhances glycolytic capacity in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, upregulates the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, -3, and -4, and induces the transcription and protein expression of c-Myc^[5].

GM-CSF Protein (2-4 ng; aerosol inhalation; 4-5 weeks) improves pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice^[6].

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using THP-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 9.304-24.86 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.023×10⁷-1.075×10⁸ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using THP-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 9.304-24.86 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.023×10⁷-1.075×10⁸ units/mg.

Mouse

E. coli

N-6*His

Q14AD9 (A18-K141)

12981

Full Length of Mature Protein

APTRSPITVTRPWKHVEAIKEALNLLDDMPVTLNEEVEVVSNEFSFKKLTCVQTRLKIFEQGLRGNFTKLKGALNMTASYYQTYCPPTPETDCETQVTTYADFIDSLKTFLTDIPFECKKPVQK

Approximately 17 kDa

• 
  Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, 200 mM arginine, pH 8.0 or 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Shi Y, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Gasson JC, et al. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): regulation of expression. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;338:27-41.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gomez-Cambronero J, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 15;171(12):6846-55.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Shiomi A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen. 2016 Jul 5;36:8.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Na YR, et al. GM-CSF Induces Inflammatory Macrophages by Regulating Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism. J Immunol. 2016 Nov 15;197(10):4101-4109. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600745IF: 3.6 Q2 . Epub 2016 Oct 14. Erratum in: J Immunol. 2017 Apr 1;198(7):3000.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Reed J A, et al. Aerosolized GM-CSF ameliorates pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 1999, 276(4): L556-L563.