GM-CSF Protein, Human

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Human is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli without a tag^[1][2][3][4].

GM-CSF is a cytokine secreted by various cells (such as T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, etc.), playing an important role in the immune system and hematopoietic process. GM-CSF can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells of granulocytes (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and macrophages in the bone marrow, promoting the production of mature blood cells. GM-CSF can also activate mature granulocytes and macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability, bactericidal activity, and antigen-presenting function, and participating in innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, GM-CSF also has pro-inflammatory activity^[1][2][3][4].

GM-CSF Protein (Human; 1% v/v; 7-10 days) can promote the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia colony-forming cells (AML-CFU)^[5].

GM-CSF Protein (Human; 50 U/min/kg; continuous intravenous/subcutaneous infusion; 7-28 days) significantly increases white blood cell counts and bone marrow cellularity in healthy cynomolgous macaques and pancytopenic immunodeficient rhesus macaques, with indices returning to normal after drug withdrawal^[6].

The ED₅₀ is <0.5 ng/mL as measured by TF-1 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.0 × 10⁶ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cell. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 22.74 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.4×10⁷ units/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P04141 (A18-E144)

1437  [NCBI]

APARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEARRLLNLSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE

Approximately 14 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against 10 mM PB, pH 7.0 or PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Shi Y, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Gasson JC, et al. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): regulation of expression. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;338:27-41.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gomez-Cambronero J, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 15;171(12):6846-55.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Shiomi A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen. 2016 Jul 5;36:8.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Griffin JD, et al. Effects of recombinant human GM-CSF on proliferation of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood. 1986 May;67(5):1448-53.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Donahue RE, et al. Stimulation of haematopoiesis in primates by continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF. Nature. 1986 Jun 26-Jul 2;321(6073):872-5.  [Content Brief]