Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride 

Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride is an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR1 and Glucokinase. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride enhances insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells and increases glucose uptake by liver cells. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride activates FFAR1, promotes the phosphorylation of related proteins in the insulin secretion pathway, and increases the expression of FFAR1. In liver cells, Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride activates GK and regulates proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride can be used in diabetes research^[1][2].

Peonidin 3-O-glucoside (1-100 μM; 24 h) increases insulin secretion levels in INS-1E pancreatic β cells stimulated by glucose and increases the expression of FFAR1-dependent insulin secretion pathway-related proteins, such as phosphorylation of FFAR1, PLC, and PKD^[1]. Peonidin 3-O-glucoside (100 μM; 24 h) increases glucose uptake in HepG2 hepatocytes, activated glucokinase (GK), and regulates proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism, such as increasing the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reducing the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

498.86

C₂₂H₂₃ClO₁₁

6906-39-4

Solid

Brown to black

OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C=C(O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)C(C4=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C4)=[O+]2.[Cl-]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Diego A Luna-Vital, et al. Anthocyanins from purple corn activate free fatty acid-receptor 1 and glucokinase enhancing in vitro insulin secretion and hepatic glucose uptake. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 11;13(7):e0200449.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Wu G, et al. Optimized Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanins Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and Petunidin-3-O-glucoside. J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jul 3;72(26):15005-15012.  [Content Brief]