Oosporein 

Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Oosporein exhibits antitumor activity in HL-60 and A549 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 28.66 μM^[1].
Oosporein shows moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus lysodeikticus), with MIC values of 12.5-50 μg/mL^[2].
Oosporein (10 μM-10 mM; 1-14 days) can inhibit the growth of plants like oats and wheat coleoptiles, and also cause abnormal plant morphology, such as dwarfing of tobacco and kidney bean plants and leaf shrinkage^[3].
Oosporein (0-200 µM; 2-24 h) inhibits cell viability, induces apoptosis, causes cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage in MDCK and RAW 264.7 cells, such as increasing intracellular ROS production, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhancing glutathione hydroxylase generation^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Oosporein has an oral LD₅₀ of 6.12 mg/kg in 1-day-old male chicks, and a dose of 10 mg/kg results in 100% lethality^[3].
Oosporein (20-200 μM; intraperitoneal injection; single dose) causes histopathological damage in the kidneys and spleens of Balb/c mice, with the degree of damage being proportional to the dose^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

306.22

C₁₄H₁₀O₈

475-54-7

Solid

Brown to reddish brown

O=C(C(C)=C1O)C(O)=C(C2=C(O)C(C(C)=C(O)C2=O)=O)C1=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Mao B Z, et al. Separation and determination of the bioactivity of oosporein from Chaetomium cupreum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010, 9(36).

  [2]. Taniguchi M, et al. Antimicrobial and Respirationinhibitory Activities of Oosporein. Agricultural and biological chemistry, 1984, 48(4): 1065-1067.

  [3]. Cole RJ, et al. Toxic effects of oosporein from Chaetomium trilaterale. J Agric Food Chem. 1974;22(3):517-520.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Ramesha A, et al. Cytotoxic effects of oosporein isolated from endophytic fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi. Front Microbiol. 2015 Sep 1;6:870.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Feng P, et al. C. Fungal biosynthesis of the bibenzoquinone oosporein to evade insect immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Sep 8;112(36):11365-70.  [Content Brief]