2. Academic Validation
  3. Expression of an interleukin-2 partial agonist enhances regulatory T cell persistence and efficacy in mouse autoimmune models

Expression of an interleukin-2 partial agonist enhances regulatory T cell persistence and efficacy in mouse autoimmune models

  • Nat Commun. 2025 May 27;16(1):4891. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60082-z.
Janie Robert 1,  Manon Feuillolay 1 2,  María de Temple-Llavero 1,  Reginald Florian Akossi 1,  Vanessa Mhanna 1 2,  Mustapha Cheraï 2,  Gwladys Fourcade 1,  Frédéric Charlotte 3,  Nicolas Tchitchek 1,  Tian Mi 4,  Benjamin Youngblood 4,  Thomas Vazquez 5,  Michelle Rosenzwajg 1 2,  David Klatzmann 6 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75005, Paris, France.
  • 2 Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy and Immunology (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
  • 3 Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Pathology department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
  • 4 Immunology, MS 351, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA.
  • 5 ILTOO Pharma, 10 rue des Reculettes, 75013, Paris, France.
  • 6 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75005, Paris, France. david.klatzmann@sorbonne-universite.fr.
  • 7 Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy and Immunology (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France. david.klatzmann@sorbonne-universite.fr.
PMID: 40425532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60082-z
Abstract

Regulatory T (Treg)-based cell therapy holds promise for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, yet challenges remain regarding the functional stability and persistence of transferred Tregs. Here we engineer Tregs to express a partial agonist form of IL-2 (IL-2pa) to enhance persistence while avoiding toxicity from excessive signaling. Mouse Tregs expressing wild-type IL-2 (Tregs-IL2wt) have only a transient growth advantage, limited by toxicity from likely excessive signaling. By contrast, mouse Tregs-IL2pa exhibit sustained expansion, long-term survival in immunocompetent mice for over a year, and bystander expansion of endogenous Tregs. Tregs-IL2pa maintain a stable activated phenotype, Treg-specific demethylation, and a diverse TCR repertoire. In vivo, prophylactic transfer of Tregs-IL2pa ameliorates multi-organ autoimmunity in a Treg depletion-induced mouse autoimmune model. Lastly, compared with control Treg, human Tregs-IL2pa show enhanced survival in the IL-2-depleted environment of immune-deficient mice and improved control of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Our results thus show that IL-2pa self-sufficiency enhances the stability, durability and efficacy of Treg therapies in preclinical settings.

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