2. Academic Validation
  3. Ouratein D, a Biflavanone From Ouratea spectabilis, Alleviates Betacoronavirus Infection by Mitigating Inflammation, Lung Damage and Viral Replication

Ouratein D, a Biflavanone From Ouratea spectabilis, Alleviates Betacoronavirus Infection by Mitigating Inflammation, Lung Damage and Viral Replication

  • Phytother Res. 2025 May;39(5):2180-2196. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8462.
Adelson Héric A Monteiro 1,  Kátia M Freitas 1,  Ana Clara M Montuori-Andrade 1,  Erick Bryan Sousa de Lima 2,  Antônio Felipe S Carvalho 2,  Camila Cardoso 1,  Edvaldo S Lara 2,  Leonardo Camilo Oliveira 3,  Isabella Zaidan 1,  Felipe Rocha Silva da Santos 4,  Filipe Resende 4,  Luiz Pedro Souza-Costa 4,  Celso M Queiroz-Junior 4,  Ian de Meira Chaves 4,  Natália R C Nóbrega 4,  Maria Beatriz O Rabelo 1,  Marina P Rocha 1,  Priscilla R V Campana 1,  Rodrigo M Pádua 1,  Rafaela S Ferreira 3,  Luiza V Barreto 3,  Thales Kronenberger 5 6,  Vinícius G Maltarollo 1,  Mariana O de Godoy 7,  Glaucius Oliva 7,  Rafael V C Guido 7,  Mauro M Teixeira 3,  Vivian V Costa 4,  Lirlândia P Sousa 2,  Fernão C Braga 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • 3 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • 4 Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • 5 Partner-Site Tübingen, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany.
  • 6 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • 7 Institute of Physics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
PMID: 40099709 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8462
Abstract

Severe coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, have underscored the urgent need for effective Antiviral therapies. This study evaluated the Antiviral activity of biflavanones isolated from Ouratea spectabilis-specifically ouratein (Our-) A, B, C, and D-against murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3) and human SARS-CoV-2. Cells infected with MHV-3 or SARS-CoV-2 were treated with ourateins, and viral replication was assessed using plaque assays. Mice infected with MHV-3 were treated with Our-D either orally or intraperitoneally. Key assessments included leukocyte counts, cytokine and chemokine levels, histological analysis, and survival rates. The mechanism of action was explored through in silico and in vitro studies focused on the binding and inhibition of the main protease (Mpro). Our-D significantly inhibited the replication of both viruses, with a selective index of 2.5 for MHV-3 and 14.9 for SARS-CoV-2. In vivo, Our-D reduced leukocyte infiltration in the lungs, decreased CCL2 levels, increased IL-10, and lowered plasma IL-6 and CXCL1 levels. Additionally, Our-D mitigated lung damage, partially restored betacoronavirus-induced lymphopenia, and reduced viral loads in the lungs, heart, and spleen, ultimately improving survival in mice. In silico studies revealed that Our-A and Our-C had strong binding affinity for Mpro, and both significantly inhibited Mpro activity in vitro, unlike Our-D. Our-D protected mice from coronavirus Infection by modulating the inflammatory response and reducing viral loads, with minimal effect on Mpro inhibition, suggesting alternative mechanisms for its Antiviral activity.

Keywords

Ouratea spectabilis; MHV‐3; Mpro; SARS‐CoV‐2; antiviral activity; ouratein D.

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