Linoleate sodium 

Linoleate sodium is an orally active IL8 regulator via the JNK and NF-κB pathway. Linoleate sodium can change the composition of fatty acids and the production of metabolites in cells. Linoleate sodium has anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and tumor cell growth-affecting activities^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}.

Linoleate (0.125-1.0 mM, 24 h (for viability test)) sodium increases viability of hepatocytes and regulates TG accumulation in goose primary hepatocytes^[1].
Linoleate (100-1000 μM, 9 h) sodium combined with palmitate (500 μM) significantly inhibits IL8 (mRNA and protein) production in Huh7 and HepG2 cells, below that of palmitate alone^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Linoleate (in the form of high-linoleate safflower oil, 10% (w/w), p.o., dietary, 4 weeks) sodium preserves cardiolipin and attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing rat heart^[3].
Linoleate (in the form of a diet containing 15% (w/w) safflower oil; p.o., through diet) sodium reduces the induction of fatty acid synthetase activity in rat liver^[4].
Linoleate (in the form of linoleate-enriched safflower oil, 100 ppm, dietary) sodium increases arachidonic acid (20:4_n-6) levels in the serum of mice with antigen-induced antibodies and allergic reactions^[5].
Linoleate (in the form of linoleate-enriched safflower oil, corresponding to an 18:2_n-6/18:3_n-3 ratio of 127; dietary) sodium attenuates gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol, ischemia/reperfusion, and water immersion stress in a rat experimental gastric ulcer model^[6].
Linoleate sodium (1 mg/mouse; ip; 1 time) significantly increases the median survival of mice inoculated with EAT cells from 18 days to 48 days, and completely inhibited tumor growth in more than 40% of mice^[7].
Linoleate (in the form of linoleate-rich safflower oil, 10% of the semi-purified diet; fed) sodium makes ICR mice more sensitive to pentobarbital, as manifested by a shorter onset of anesthetic effect and a longer duration of anesthetic^[8].
Linoleate (in the form of linoleate-rich safflower oil corresponding to an 18:2_n-6/18:3_n-3 ratio of less than 0.1; fed) can reduce urine protein levels, plasma urea nitrogen levels, glomerular crescent formation, and fibrinoid necrosis in rats with crescent-type anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis, while increasing the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4_n-6) in glomerular phospholipids^[9].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

302.43

C₁₈H₃₁NaO₂

822-17-3

Solid

White to light yellow

CCCCCC([H])=C(CC([H])=C(CCCCCCCC(O[Na])=O)[H])[H]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Pan Z, et al. Effects of linoleate on cell viability and lipid metabolic homeostasis in goose primary hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2011 Jun;159(2):113-8.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Maruyama H, et al. Linoleate appears to protect against palmitate-induced inflammation in Huh7 cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2014 May 13;13:78.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Mulligan CM, et al. Dietary linoleate preserves cardiolipin and attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing rat heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Jun 1;94(3):460-8.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Flick PK, et al. Effect of dietary linoleate on synthesis and degradation of fatty acid synthetase from rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1977 Jun 25;252(12):4242-9.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Oh-hashi K, et al. Reevaluation of the effect of a high alpha-linolenate and a high linoleate diet on antigen-induced antibody and anaphylactic responses in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 1997 Mar;20(3):217-23.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Matsuba S, et al. Effect of dietary linoleate/alpha-linolenate balance on experimentally induced gastric injury in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1998 Nov;59(5):317-23.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Norman A, et al. Antitumor activity of sodium linoleate. Nutr Cancer. 1988;11(2):107-15.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Nakashima Y, et al. Effect of a high linoleate and a high alpha-linolenate diet on general behavior and drug sensitivity in mice. J Lipid Res. 1993 Feb;34(2):239-47.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Watanabe S, et al. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on crescent type-anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis in rats. Lipids. 1990 May;25(5):267-72.  [Content Brief]