2. Isotope-Labeled Compounds
  3. Research Area
  4. Metabolic flux analysis: MFA

Metabolic flux analysis: MFA

Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a new approach in metabolomics research that uses stable isotope-labeled compounds as tracers to investigate intracellular metabolic and specific pathways. Stable isotope tracing techniques, usually based on 13C and 15N tracers, have emerged as the most accurate and widely used techniques in MFA. By combining metabolomics and MFA, we can better understand variations in metabolite levels, flow distribution, and turnover rates within the intracellular metabolic network. This approach enables the identification of main metabolic abnormal pathways and their biological functions, as well as uncovering the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms. This comprehensive insight provides a strong scientific basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease development, in addition to discovering and confirming potential drug targets. To understand how to screen isotope-labeled compounds as tracers in MFA experiments, please refer to the summary of the one-stop screening process for 13C tracers in MFA by Professor Dong-Hyun Kim et al.[1].

 

Figure 1. A typical carbon labelling experiment (CLE) workflow[1].

 

References:

[1] RSC Adv. 2022 Sep 7; 12 (39):25528-25548.

Metabolic flux analysis: MFA (1345):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0389A
    D-Glucose-13C6 110187-42-3 99.93%
    D-Glucose-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled counterpart of D-glucose (HY-B0389). D-Glucose-13C6 can be used as a metabolic tracer to trace glucose-related synthetic catabolism or as synthesis ingredient, minimal media reagent, and internal standard.
    D-Glucose-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0830S6
    Palmitic acid-13C16 56599-85-0 99.30%
    Palmitic acid-13C16 is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.
    Palmitic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>16</sub>
  • HY-Y0479S
    L-Lactic acid-13C3 87684-87-5 99.9%
    L-Lactic acid-13C3 is a 13C-labeled L-Lactic acid (HY-Y0479). L-Lactic acid-13C3 can be used for lactate metabolism research.
    L-Lactic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-Y0479AS
    L-Lactic acid-13C3 sodium (20% in water) 201595-71-3 99.91%
    L-Lactic acid-13C3 ((S)-2-hydroxypropanoic-13C3) sodium (20% in water) is the 13C labeled L-Lactic acid. L-Lactic acid-13C3 sodium (20% in water) can be used for lactate metabolism research.
    L-Lactic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub> sodium (20% in water)
  • HY-N0455AS8
    L-Arginine-13C6,15N4 hydrochloride 202468-25-5 99.30%
    L-Arginine-13C6,15N4 (hydrochloride) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
    L-Arginine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-B0228S9
    Adenosine-13C10,15N5 202406-75-5 99.60%
    Adenosine-13C10,15N5 is the 13C and 15N labeled Adenosine (HY-B0228). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.
    Adenosine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>10</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-D0844S
    Glutathione oxidized-13C4,15N2 1416898-83-3 99.80%
    Glutathione oxidized-13C4,15N2 is the 13C and 15N labeled Glutathione oxidized (HY-D0844). Glutathione oxidized is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.
    Glutathione oxidized-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N1428S1
    Citric acid-13C6 287389-42-8 99.90%
    Citric acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Citric acid (HY-N1428). Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0830S9
    Palmitic acid-13C 287100-87-2 ≥98.0%
    Palmitic acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid (HY-N0830). Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.
    Palmitic acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-N0486S1
    L-Leucine-13C 74292-94-7 99.4%
    L-Leucine-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.
    L-Leucine-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-B2130S1
    Uric acid-15N2 62948-75-8 99.60%
    Uric acid-15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N0092S2
    Inosine-13C5 99.90%
    Inosine-13C5 is the 13C5 labeled Inosine (HY-N0092). Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors.
    Inosine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N7092S
    D-Fructose-13C6 201595-65-5 99.95%
    D-Fructose-13C6 is the 13C labeled D-Fructose. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants.
    D-Fructose-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N1446S2
    Oleic acid-13C18 287100-82-7 99.90%
    Oleic acid-13C18 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>18</sub>
  • HY-N0650S
    L-Serine-13C3 201595-68-8 98.9%
    L-Serine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0390S8
    L-Glutamine-15N2 204451-48-9 99.10%
    L-Glutamine-15N2 is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.
    L-Glutamine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-B0228S1
    Adenosine-13C5 159496-13-6 99.9%
    Adenosine-13C5 is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.
    Adenosine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N0455AS6
    L-Arginine-13C6 hydrochloride 201740-91-2 99.00%
    L-Arginine-13C6 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
    L-Arginine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N0390S
    L-Glutamine-15N 80143-57-3 99.6%
    L-Glutamine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.
    L-Glutamine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-W013636S
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 161096-83-9 99.1%
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5) is a 13C labeled 2-Ketoglutaric acid (HY-W013636). 2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM).
    2-Ketoglutaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>