Callistephin chloride  (Synonyms: Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride)

Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Callistephin chloride (5-100 μg/mL) significantly alters the morphology of red blood cells, increases the density of the membrane's hydrophilic regions, and has no obvious effect on the hydrophobic regions of the membrane^[1].
Callistephin chloride (5-50 μg/mL, 30 min) inhibits erythrocyte membrane lipid oxidation induced with UVC and AAPH radical with IC₅₀s of 17.7 and 5.8 μg/mL^[1].
Callistephin (0-400 μM μM, 24 h) chloride enhances the protective effects of Isoflurane by modulating engulfment and apoptosis in C8‑B4 cells involved in the modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2, tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κ B^[2].
Callistephin (0.1-1 μg/mL, 30 min) chloride can effectively protect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells by decreasing intracellular ROS and increasing mitochondrial redox activity in blue-light irradiated ARPE-19 cells^[3].
Callistephin (100 μM μM, 24 h) chloride significantly protects cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from the toxicity of glutamate but has no capacity to defend neurons from nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis^[4].
Callistephin-rich extracts (0-200 μg/mL, 24-72 h) chloride inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, induces cell apoptosis, and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity and iron ion reduction ability^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Callistephin (3 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) chloride increases the expression of neuroD induced by Aβ in rats^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

468.84

C₂₁H₂₁ClO₁₀

18466-51-8

Solid

Brown to black

OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C=C(O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)C(C4=CC=C(O)C=C4)=[O+]2.[Cl-]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Bonarska-Kujawa D, et, al. Interaction of selected anthocyanins with erythrocytes and liposome membranes. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2012 Jun;17(2):289-308.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Zhao L, et al. Callistephin enhances the protective effects of isoflurane on microglial injury through downregulation of inflammation and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep. 2019 Jul;20(1):802-812.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Yacout SM, Gaillard ER. The Anthocyanins, Oenin and Callistephin, Protect RPE Cells Against Oxidative Stress. Photochem Photobiol. 2017 Mar;93(2):590-599.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Winter AN, et al. Chemical basis for the disparate neuroprotective effects of the anthocyanins, callistephin and kuromanin, against nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Feb;103:23-34.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Eroglu Ozkan E, et al. Antiproliferative effects of Turkish pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines with focus on antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds analyzed by LC-MS/MS. J Food Biochem. 2021 Sep;45(9):e13904.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Ghasemi Moravej F, et al. The Effect of Callistephin on Amyloid Beta-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus of Male Rats[J]. Anatomical Sciences, 2016, 13(4): 215-220.