2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0836
    Diethyl succinate
    		≥98.0%
    Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings.
    Diethyl succinate
  • HY-P1934
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
    		Inhibitor 98.77%
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (Cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl)) is a quorum-sensing molecule of Vibrio vulnificus that specifically interacts with RIG-I, inhibiting RIG-I polyubiquitination, suppressing IRF-3 activation, and reducing type I interferon production. Cyclo(Phe-Pro) enhances susceptibility to HCV and influenza virus and also alleviates plant aluminum toxicity stress. The mechanism of Cyclo(Phe-Pro) involves the regulation of host immune signaling pathways, bacterial virulence gene expression, and plant antioxidant systems, making it a promising candidate for research in viral infections, bacterial virulence regulation, and agricultural stress resistance.
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
  • HY-N0056
    Isochlorogenic acid A
    		99.89%
    Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with anti-mutagenicity, anti-HBV, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatoryy activities.
    Isochlorogenic acid A
  • HY-N0892
    AKBA
    		99.93%
    AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate and a novel Nrf2 activator.
    AKBA
  • HY-19357
    E3330
    		Inducer 99.67%
    E3330 (APX-3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. E3330 is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. E3330 shows anticancer activities.
    E3330
  • HY-N1428C
    Ferric citrate
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally active iron supplement, is an efficacious phosphate binder. Ferric citratee can be used for iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research.
    Ferric citrate
  • HY-N0457
    Chicoric acid
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.
    Chicoric acid
  • HY-17402
    Nisoldipine
    		99.56%
    Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-penetrating dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, with greater vascular selectivity than other calcium channel antagonists. Nisoldipine inhibits calcium influx and blocks voltage-gated calcium channels. Nisoldipine dilates coronary and systemic arteries. Nisoldipine has antihypertensive and anti-anginal activity. Nisoldipine also displays neuroprotective and antiviral activity.
    Nisoldipine
  • HY-N0361
    Dihydrocapsaicin
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.
    Dihydrocapsaicin
  • HY-130750
    Phycocyanobilin
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Phycocyanobilin, an orally active antioxidative agent, is an effective scavenger for various reactive oxygen species. Phycocyanobilin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Phycocyanobilin
  • HY-B0739
    Citicoline
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline
  • HY-N1472
    Levistolide A
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Levistolide A is an apoptosis inducer and a PEDV virus inhibitor. Levistolide A can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppress the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by promoting ROS generation. Levistolide A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces excessive phosphorylation of tau through the GSK3α/β pathway, improving symptoms in Alzheimer’s mice. Levistolide A improves kidney damage in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the RAS,TGF-β1/Smad, and MAPK pathways.
    Levistolide A
  • HY-136386
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
  • HY-N0089
    Schisandrin B
    		99.94%
    Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.
    Schisandrin B
  • HY-W015273
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
    		Agonist 99.40%
    3-Indoleacrylic acid is a high-efficient antialgal agent. 3-Indoleacrylic acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibits the functions of all the nutrient assimilating genes, down-regulated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase II, and cytochrome f genes in P. donghaiense.
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
  • HY-N0022
    Isoacteoside
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside
  • HY-N0621
    Morin
    		Inhibitor
    Morin is an orally active plant-derived flavonoid. Morin inhibits ROS generation. Morin induces Apoptosis. Morin inhibits PTP1B (IC50 of 15 μM) and activates the insulin receptor. Morin has a detoxifying effect. Morin can be used in diabetes, leukemia, colon cancer, cervical cancer, Parkinson's disease and hypertension research.
    Morin
  • HY-N4068
    Glucoraphanin
    		99.81%
    Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
    Glucoraphanin
  • HY-N0681
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt is an orally active vitamin that reduces patulin in apple juice. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt removes ROS. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt has antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt also has the effect of improving osteoporosis and obesity.
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
  • HY-116807
    Dihydrolipoic Acid
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Dihydrolipoic Acid (DHLA) is an excellent antioxidant capable of scavenging almost any oxygen-centered radical. Dihydrolipoic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. Dihydrolipoic Acid exerts a preventive effect via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NLRP3 pathway in LPS-induced sickness behavior rats. Dihydrolipoic Acid can be used for the reaserch of depression.
    Dihydrolipoic Acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity